食物种类和饲养基质对门源蝠蛾(Hepialus menyuanicus)幼虫生长发育特性的影响

Effects of Food Types and Feeding Medium on the Growth and Development Characteristics of Larvae of Hepialus menyuanicus

为了明确不同食物种类和饲养基质对门源蝠蛾幼虫生长发育的影响,完善门源蝠蛾幼虫的饲养方法,以刚蜕皮的3龄幼虫为研究对象,采用双因素试验设计,使用4种食物(Z1:珠芽蓼、J2:蕨麻、D3:大黄、H4:胡萝卜)和3种饲养基质(基于自然条件下最适宜的G1:高寒土、人工饲养较适宜的Y2:发酵椰糠粉、一般性饲养基质适宜性较低的N3:泥炭土),采用灰色关联度分析法,通过分析6种营养物质的含量,包括粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)、粗纤维(Crude fiber,CF)、可溶性糖(Soluble sugar,SS)、粗灰分(Crude ash,Ash)、水分含量(H2O)和碳水化合物含量(carbohydrate,CHO),对4种食物的营养水平进行综合评价,分析食物种类和饲养基质对幼虫头宽、体长、体重和成活率的影响。结果显示,4种食物富含的营养物质各有差异,综合营养水平为Z>J>D>H(P<0.05)。食物种类和饲养基质对幼虫头宽、体长、体重存活率均具有显著影响,与头宽、体长、体重具有互作效应。随着食物种类营养水平的提高,幼虫头宽和体重显著增加(P<0.05),最高营养水平饲养下的幼虫体长和存活率也最高(P<0.05)。随着饲养基质适宜性的提高,幼虫头宽、体长、体重和存活率均显著增加(P<0.05)。在各个饲养基质下,随着食物种类营养水平的提高,幼虫头宽、体长、体重均显著增加(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,食物种类与头、体重、体长和存活率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关关系依次为:头宽>体重>体长>存活率;饲养基质与头宽、体长、体重、存活率均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关关系依次为:体重>头宽>体长>存活率(P<0.05)。食物种类对头宽的促进作用最大,饲养基质对体重的促进作用最大。以珠芽蓼为食源,以高寒土为饲养基质,门源蝠蛾幼虫生长发育最好。

In order to clarify the different food types and feeding media and their effects on the growth and development of Menyuan Bat moth larvae,improve the feeding methods of Menyuan Bat moth larvae,The 3rd-stage larvae that had just molted were studied in a two-factor experimental design using 4 kinds of food(Z1:Polygonum polygonum,J2:Ferns,D3:Rhubarb,H4:carrot)and 3 kinds of feeding medium(based on G1:alpine soil,which was the most suitable under natural conditions,and Y2,which was the most suitable in artificial feeding).N3 of fermented coconut bran powder and general feeding medium with low suitability:Soluble sugar(SS),soluble sugar(Crude ash),soluble sugar(Crude ash)and soluble protein(CP)were analyzed by grey correlation analysis.Ash,water content(H_(2)O),carbon water hydrate content(CHO)Nutrient levels of four kinds of food were comprehensively evaluated,and the effects of food type and feeding medium on head width,body length,body weight,and survival rate of larvae were analyzed.The results showed that the nutrient content of the four foods was different,and the comprehensive nutrient level was Z>J>D>H(P<0.05).Food type and feeding medium had significant effects on the survival rate of larva head width,body length and body weight,and had interaction effects with head width,body length and body weight.With the increase of nutrition level of food type,head width and body weight of larva significantly increased(P<0.05),and body length and survival rate of larva under the highest nutrition level were also the highest(P<0.05).The head width,body length,body weight and survival rate of larvae were significantly increased with the improvement of feeding medium suitability(P<0.05).In addition,the head width,body length and body weight of larvae were significantly increased with the increase of nutrition level of food types in each feeding medium(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that food type was positively correlated with head,body weight,body length and survival rate(P<0.05),and the correlation was as follows:head width>body weight>body length>survival rate;Head width,body length,body weight and survival rate were significantly positively correlated with feeding substrate(P<0.05),and the correlation was as follows:body weight>head width>body length>survival rate(P<0.05).The results showed that the food type had the greatest effect on promoting head width,and the feeding medium had the greatest effect on promoting body weight.The larva of Menyuan moth grew and developed best with Polygonum polygonum as feeding source and alpine soil as feeding medium.