金属磷化物在电解水制氢中的应用研究进展

A review on metal phosphides in hydrogen production by electrolysis of water

电解水被认为是目前最有前途的制氢方法之一。基于商用贵金属基催化剂成本高和储量有限的情况,开发低成本、高性能的电催化剂是实现电解水制氢产业化的关键。过渡金属磷化物因具有独特的物化性质和高催化活性而被广泛关注,但导电性和活性位点密度的不足限制了其在工业化制氢中的应用。首先阐述电解水析氢的机理及过渡金属磷化物的重要作用。然后从单金属磷化物、双金属磷化物、改性金属磷化物和结构调控过渡金属磷化物4个方面分析不同种类的过渡金属磷化物以及提升其催化性能的途径,并比较了当前过渡金属磷化物的常用制备方法。最后总结提升催化性能的主要策略,展望过渡金属磷化物未来的机遇和挑战。期望本综述有助于过渡金属磷化物电催化剂的设计开发与应用。

Water splitting is one of the most promising methods for hydrogen production currently.Due to the high cost and limited supply of commercial precious metal-based catalysts,the exploitation of low-cost electrocatalysts is essential to realise the industrialisation of electrocatalytic techniques.Transition metal phosphides have received much attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties and high catalytic activity,but the lack of electrical conductivity and active site density has limited their application in industrial hydrogen production.This review describes the mechanism of hydrogen evolution by electrolysis and the important role of transition metal phosphides firstly,then analyses different types of transition metal phosphides and ways to enhance their catalytic performance from four aspects:monometallic phosphides,bimetallic phosphides,modified metal phosphides and structurally modulated transition metal phosphides,and compares the currently common preparation methods of transition metal phosphides.Finally,it summarises the main strategies for improving catalytic performance and looks forward to the future opportunities and challenges of transition metal phosphides.We expect this review to contribute to the design,development and application of transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts.