中美野生动物名录制度之比较研究

Comparative Study on the Wildlife List System between China and the United States

我国通过制定《国家重点保护野生动物名录》并实施相关配套制度,在野生动物保护方面取得了一定的成果。但是从整个名录制度层面来看还存在名录制定主体设置不佳、名录标准不明、调整程序不清等问题。美国《濒危物种法》所设立的濒危物种名录制度从名录制定主体的设置到名录标准的设定,再到名录的动态调整程序,通过一套完整的制度设计促进了该制度的顺利运行并且在生物多样性保护中卓有成效。我国的野生动物名录制度也应从主体、标准和程序入手加以完善,吸收借鉴美国濒危物种名录制度设计中的有益经验,推进我国生物多样性保护体系建设。

China has achieved certain results in wildlife protection by formulating the“List of National Key Protected Wildlife”and implementing relevant supporting systems.However,from the perspective of the entire directory system,there are still problems such as poor setting of the main body for directory formulation,unclear directory standards,and unclear adjustment procedures.The endangered species list system established by the“Endangered Species Act”of the United States has promoted the smooth operation of the system through a complete system design,from the setting of the list formulation subject to the setting of the list standards,and then to the dynamic adjustment process of the list,and has been effective in biodiversity conservation.Our country’s wildlife inventory system should also be regulated and improved starting from the main body,standards,and procedures,drawing on the advanced system design of the endangered species inventory system in the United States,and promoting the construction of China’s biodiversity conservation system.