住房情况与不同类型犯罪受害经历对居住安全感的影响

The influence of housing situation and crime victimization experience on residential safety perception

以“家”为中心的安全感研究是人文地理学及相关学科的重要议题,学界提出了脆弱性模型、受害模型和破窗理论等多种理论模型分析居民安全感的影响因素,但已有研究鲜有综合分析住房情况和不同类型犯罪受害经历对居民安全感的影响。为此,论文选取了广州市74个典型社区,通过入户调查的方式共计发放1568份调查问卷,采用因子分析和多元线性回归相结合的方法研究居民居住安全感的影响因素。结果表明:个体属性、社区社会环境、住房情况和犯罪受害经历对居住安全感具有显著性影响。在个体属性的指标中,性别对居住安全感具有显著性影响,女性居民的居住安全感水平显著低于男性;年龄对居住安全感具有正向影响,居住安全感随着年龄的增大而显著提升。在社区社会环境和住房情况的指标中,物理环境失序和社会环境失序对居住安全感水平具有消极影响;正式社会控制和拥有房屋产权对居住安全感具有积极影响,而非正式社会控制和集体效能的影响不显著。直接犯罪受害经历和间接受害经历均对居住安全感产生消极的影响,相对而言,直接受害经历对居住安全感的影响程度高于间接受害经历。研究结果可为管理部门提升居民居住安全感水平提供决策参考。

The research of security with"home"as the center is an important issue in human geography and its related disciplines.There are many theoretical models of safety perception,such as victimization model,vulnerability model,and disorder model.In terms of the influencing factors of residential safety perception,existing studies mainly focus on individual factors and environmental factors,and there are few studies that comprehensively analyze housing situation and different crime victimization experiences.Therefore,based on 1568 questionnaires through a household survey in 74 typical communities in Guangzhou City,this study used factor analysis and multiple linear regressions to analyze the impact of housing situation and crime victimization experience on residential safety perception.The results show that individual attributes,social environment in the community,housing situation,and crime victimization experience have significant influence on residential safety perception.With regard to individual attributes,gender has a significant impact on residential safety perception,and the level of residential safety perception of female residents is significantly lower than that of male residents.Age has a positive influence on residential safety perception,which increases significantly with age.With regard to social environment and housing situation,physical environment disorder and social environment disorder have a negative impact on the level of residential safety perception.Formal social control and house ownership have positive effects on residential safety perception,but informal social control and collective efficacy have no significant effects.Both direct and indirect crime victimization experience have negative effects,but direct victimization experience has a higher impact on residential safety perception than indirect victimization experience.The findings can provide decision-making reference for the official department to take targeted measures to improve the level of residents'safety perception.