灌溉制度影响农地流转的理论解释与实证检验

Theoretical explanation and empirical test of the influence of irrigation institution on farmland transfer

【目的】灌溉制度在农业生产经营活动中至关重要,但其对农地流转的作用没有得到足够重视,厘清二者关系对中国的农业现代化具有重要意义。【方法】首先,构建理论模型分析灌溉制度影响农地流转的机理;其次,使用清华大学中国农村研究院2017年的调查数据进行实证检验,并分别利用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)和具有回归调整的逆概率加权法(IPWRA)进行稳健性检验。【结果】①基准回归结果显示,建立了统一灌溉制度的村庄平均耕地流转比例增加5%~8%,村庄灌溉设施维护频率越高、灌溉设施维护程度越好,村庄耕地流转比例越高;②稳健性检验结果显示,统一灌溉制度和特定灌溉设施维护频率、灌溉设施维护状态对耕地流转的处理效应同样显著。【结论】良好的灌溉秩序和有效的灌溉设施管护机制都有助于农地流转的实现。推动农地的市场化流转,可以从优化完善灌溉制度方面寻找政策着力点。

[Objective]The institution of irrigation is crucial for agricultural production and management,but its effect on farmland transfer has not been paid enough attention.Clarifying the relationship between the institution of irrigation and farmland transfer is of great significance for the agricultural modernization of China.[Methods]First,this study constructed a theoretical model to analyze the mechanism of irrigation institution affecting the farmland transfer;second,we conducted an empirical test using the survey data collected by China Institute of Rural Studies(CIRS)in 2017,and by employing the Tobit model as benchmark model,as well as the Propensity Score Matching(PSM)and Inverse-Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment(IPWRA)methods for robustness check.[Results]The results show that the unified irrigation arrangement increased farmland transfer in villages by 5 to 8 percentage points;and more frequent maintenance as well as better maintenance status of irrigation facilities also increased farmland transfer in villages.The effects of unified irrigation system and specific maintenance frequency and maintenance status of irrigation facilities on farmland transfer are also significant.[Conclusion]A healthy irrigation system and an effective irrigation facility management mechanism contribute to the realization of farmland transfer.The policy implication of the conclusion is that to promote the market-oriented circulation of farmland,we can focus on optimizing the irrigation institution.