完全成本保险对农户耕地质量保护投资的影响及机制

The impact and mechanism of full cost insurance on farmers’investment in farmland quality protection

【目的】加强耕地质量保护是促进粮食和农业可持续发展的迫切需要,厘清完全成本保险对于农户耕地质量保护投资的影响,对推进耕地质量稳步提升,维护国家粮食安全具有重要的政策启示。【方法】基于2022年冀、鲁、豫、皖四省1719份农户调查数据,使用双栏模型、分位数回归模型等方法实证检验了完全成本保险对农户耕地质量保护投资的影响。【结果】①参与完全成本保险可以显著促进农户耕地质量保护投资意愿和投资程度,保障水平具有更大的提升效果。②完全成本保险可以通过提高农户预期收入、增加农户信贷获取从而促进农户耕地质量保护投资。③完全成本保险对处于不同分位点农户耕地质量保护投资的影响程度呈现先上升后下降的“倒U型”,对投资水平处于70分位点农户的影响系数最大。相较于小农户,保障水平对规模农户耕地质量保护投资的作用更强;与兼业户相比,对纯农户的影响更大;与风险规避型农户相比,对风险偏好型农户的效果更明显。【结论】应继续推广完全成本保险,充分发挥完全成本保险“保护伞”的作用,激发农户加强耕地质量保护的内生动力。

[Objective]Strengthening the protection of farmland quality is an urgent need for promoting the sustainable development of food and agriculture,and clarifying the impact of full cost insurance on farmers’investment in farmland quality protection has important policy implications for ensuring the steady improvement of farmland quality and maintaining national food security.[Methods]Based on the survey data of 1719 households from Hebei,Shandong,Henan,and Anhui Provinces in 2022,this study empirically tested the impact of full cost insurance on farmers’investment in farmland quality protection using the double hurdle model and the quantile regression model.[Results]The results indicate that:(1)Participating in the full cost insurance program can significantly promote farmers’willingness and degree of investment in protecting farmland quality,and full cost insurance coverage level has a greater impact on the willingness and degree of investment of farmers in protecting the quality of farmland.(2)Full cost insurance can promote farmers’investment in farmland quality protection by increasing their expected income and access to credit.(3)The impact of full cost insurance on farmers’investment in farmland quality protection at different quantiles shows an inverted U-shaped pattern of first increasing and then decreasing,and farmers with investment levels at the 70th percentile have the greatest impact coefficient.Compared to small farmers,full cost insurance coverage level has a stronger impact on the investment of large-scale farmers.Compared to part-time farming households,full cost insurance coverage level has a greater impact on the investment of full-time farmers.Compared to risk averse farmers,full cost insurance coverage level has a more significant effect on the investment of risk-taking farmers.[Conclusion]Therefore,it is necessary to continue to promote full cost insurance,fully leverage the role of full cost insurance as a“protective umbrella”,and stimulate the endogenous motivation of farmers to strengthen the protection of farmland quality.