自动驾驶视角下罪刑体系的现状、困境与纾解

The Status Quo,Dilemma and Relief of Crime and Punishment System from the Perspective of Automatic Driving

包括自动驾驶技术在内的人工智能为社会带来巨大经济效益的同时又给刑法理论造成前所未有的冲击。中国现有刑法体系无法实现因自动驾驶引发的交通事故归责,尤其是如何厘清处于附条件自动驾驶情况下驾驶人过失和系统故障的过错分配与责任归属。至少在目前而言,刑法理论没有必要创设人工智能罪刑体系。纾解自动驾驶事故归责困境的路径为恪守信赖原则以限缩驾驶人注意义务,在被允许的危险理论视角下缓和过于严苛的研发者责任,以及过失竞合责任承担形成研发者为主、平均分配为例外的原则。

Artificial intelligence,including automatic driving technology,has brought huge economic benefits to society,but also caused unprecedented impact on criminal law theory.China's existing criminal law system cannot realize the responsibility of traffic accidents caused by automatic driving,especially how to clarify the fault allocation and responsibility of driver fault and system failure under conditional automatic driving.At least for now,criminal law theory does not need to create artificial intelligence crime and punishment system.The way to alleviate the liability dilemma of automatic driving accidents is to abide by the principle of trust to limit the driver's duty of care,to ease the overly strict developer s liability from the perspective of permitted risk theory,and to form the principle of developer s first responsibility and equal distribution as an exception.