国土空间开发保护制度改革探究——基于制度变迁理论

Reform of territorial space development and protection system:Based on the theory of institutional change

建立健全国土空间开发保护制度是生态文明制度体系建设的重要内容。我国国土空间开发保护制度经历了计划经济体制下基本空白、经济体制转型期初步探索、市场经济体制下分散管理、经济新常态下统一管理四个阶段的演进历程。从制度变迁逻辑来看,国土空间开发保护制度在国家发展战略调整、体制改革等外部因素和变迁收益高于成本等内在动力引致下发生变迁,是多元主体互动博弈的过程演绎,具有路径依赖特征。未来国土空间开发保护制度改革应进一步明晰各级政府责权,探寻政府、企业和公众等多元主体的利益平衡点,促进刚性管控和弹性管理相结合。

To establish the institutions for territorial space development and protection is an important part of ecological civilization system.The establishment of such institutions has experienced four stages in China:the absence of institutions during the planned economy period,the initial establishment during the transition of economic system,the fragmented management under market economy system,and unified management under the economic new normal.These changes are mainly caused by the adjustment of national development strategies,institutional reform and benefit expectations.It is the process of an interactive game of multiple stakeholders,and characterized by path dependence.The future institutional reform should further clarify the responsibilities and rights of governments at all levels and try to coordinate the interests among the government,enterprises and the public.