青光眼中视网膜神经血管单元损伤的研究进展

Research progress of retinal neurovascular unit injury in glaucoma

青光眼是全球范围内引起视力丧失的主要原因之一。越来越多的研究表明,青光眼是一种复杂的视网膜神经血管疾病,神经元、胶质细胞和微血管细胞构成的视网膜神经血管单元(RNVU)的稳态失衡不仅诱导微血管结构和胶质细胞的变化,还会影响视网膜的神经组织,最终引起视力下降,目前尚无有效的治疗措施逆转这种视力下降。了解RNVU的细胞组成、分子结构以及各部分的生理功能,深入研究青光眼中正常细胞环境和细胞间联系的破坏机制,对于探究青光眼的发生发展,寻找有效的防治措施具有重要的意义。本文就青光眼疾病中的RNVU结构改变和功能障碍的研究进展进行综述,探寻青光眼潜在的发病机制,以期为青光眼的干预治疗提供新的思路。

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide.More and more studies have suggested that glaucoma is a complicated retinal neurovascular disease.The homeostasis imbalance of retinal neurovascular unit(RNVU)composed of neurons,glial cells and microvascular cells not only induces changes in microvascular structure and glial cells,but also affects the nerve tissue of the retina,resulting in vision loss,which there is no effective treatment to reverse,currently.Exploring the cellular composition and molecular structure of RNVU and investigating the destruction mechanism of normal cellular environment and intercellular connections in glaucoma are of great significance in exploring the pathogenesis and the treatment of glaucoma.The research progress on structural changes and dysfunction of RNVU in glaucoma are reviewed,hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of glaucoma.