甘南地区儿童青少年近视筛查与矫正情况分析

Screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region

目的:了解甘肃省甘南地区儿童青少年近视筛查与矫正情况,为近视的防控提供指导依据。方法:采用横断面分层整群抽样研究,抽取甘肃省甘南地区合作市和舟曲县2所幼儿园及12所中小学,每个年级随机抽取2个班,以整班为单位进行筛查,收集儿童青少年近视筛查及矫正情况进行统计学分析。结果:共抽取儿童青少年5072人,剔除不合格记录后,最终纳入有效数据4806例。总体近视患病率为45.55%,近视患病率随着年级的升高而呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),女生的近视患病率(48.66%)高于男生(42.18%)(P<0.001)。近视患病率随年龄增长呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),10-12岁为近视增长最快的年龄段,由25.62%增长至60.57%。随着年级的升高,中度近视和高度近视均呈现上升趋势(均P<0.001)。甘南地区总体戴镜率为28.55%,足矫率为50.72%,戴镜率随着学段升高呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),女生戴镜率(30.84%)高于男生(26.69%)(P=0.008)。初中学段低、中、高度近视的足矫率均为3个学段中最低。在各个学段中,高度近视的足矫率均最低。结论:甘南地区儿童青少年近视患病率低于全国平均水平,但仍呈低龄高发趋势,近视的戴镜率及足矫率均较低。

AIM:To understand the screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region of Gansu Province,and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study was conducted to select 2 kindergartens and 12 primary and secondary schools in Hezuo City and Zhouqu County,Gannan region of Gansu Province,two classes were randomly selected from each grade,and the whole class was used as a unit for screening.The screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents were collected for statistical analysis.RESULTS:A total of 5072 children and adolescents were selected,and 4806 valid data were finally included after excluding unqualified records.The overall prevalence of myopia was 45.55%,and the prevalence of myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade(P<0.001).The prevalence of myopia in girls(48.66%)was higher than that in boys(42.18%;P<0.001).The prevalence of myopia increased with age(P<0.001),and the age group of 10-12 years old was the fastest growing for myopia,increasing from 25.62%to 60.57%.Furthermore,moderate myopia and high myopia showed an increasing tread with the increase of the grade(all P<0.001).The overall glasses wearing rate of the Gannan region was 28.55%,with a full correction rate of 50.72%,and the glasses wearing rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of grades(P<0.001).The glasses wearing rate of female students(30.84%)was higher than that of male students(26.69%;P=0.008).The full correction rates of low,moderate and high myopia in junior high were the lowest among the 3 phases of studying.The full correction rate of high myopia was the lowest in all phases of studying.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region is lower than the national average,but the myopia of children and adolescents is still a trend of young age and high incidence,and the glasses wearing rate of myopia and full correction rate are low.