历史时期中国汉语地名“雅化”类型研究

A Typological Analysis of the Refinement of Chinese Place Names in Historical Periods

“雅化”被认为是历史时期中国地名演变的一种突出价值取向,但既有研究对其内涵与范畴缺乏明确的认知与界定。针对历史时期“不雅”地名更易叙事进行分析研究,得出如下结论:历史时期中国汉语地名的“雅化”,主体上是以汉民族的三大阶层性文化心理价值取向为衡定,以不同类型的雅化对象、取向、路径与方式为体现的广义“雅化”;雅化对象可划分为“不善”“不正”“不美”三大类地名,雅化取向可分为大众吉化、儒家教化、文辞美化三大类;雅化路径与方式相应分为“依本雅化”和“换新雅化”两大路径及其主导下的11种方式。地名雅化反映了历史时期广义的“不雅”认知,也是中国传统文化思想在地理空间上的渗透与扩散;同时也必然有其历史局限。地名雅化应与地名的地域识别、历史记忆和文化传承三大主体功能相适应。

“Refinement”is regarded as a prominent value orientation in the evolution of place names in historical China,but there is still a lack of clear cognition and definition of the connotation and category of“refinement”in the existing research.Based on the analysis of the“indecent”place names narrative in historical periods,this paper draws the following conclusions.The refinement of Chinese place names in historical periods can be generalized into several types which are guided by the Han people s hierarchy of cultural value orientation,and embodied by the objects,orientation,paths and ways of refining.The objects that are to be refined include place names with negative,ominous or inelegant meanings.The orientations include auspiciousization,confucianization and poeticization of the old place names.The ways of refining include eleven ways under the leading of the two paths of retrieving the old name and establishing a new name.The refinement of place names reflects the ancients general cognition over“indecent”and the geographical infiltration and diffusion of the traditional cultural thoughts of the Han people while has its historical limitations.Therefore,the refinement of place names should be adapted to the three main functions of place names which are regional recognition,historical memory and cultural inheritance.