核设施退役阶段气载放射性包容与通风净化技术研究

Research on airborne radioactive containment and ventilationpurification technology during decommissioning of nuclear facilities

核设施在退役现场操作活动中会产生气载放射性物质。由于核设施退役阶段现场复杂,退役现场操作活动面临各种潜在风险,且各项活动具有临时性和动态变化的特点,如何确保退役过程中气载放射性包容和通风净化系统的有效性是核设施退役领域的重要问题之一。本文通过研究国内外相关法规、标准及良好实践,总结归纳了以放射性风险评估为基础、适用于核设施退役阶段作业现场的气载放射性包容与通风净化系统设计总体原则、设计方法、性能准则及推荐方案。

Nuclear facilities will produce airborne radioactive materials during decommissioning site operations.As the decommissioning site of nuclear facilities is complex,the operational activities at the decommissioning site face various potential risks,and the activities are temporary and dynamic.How to ensure the effectiveness of airborne radioactive containment and ventilation purification system in the decommissioning process is one of the important issues in the field of nuclear facilities decommissioning.Based on the study of relevant laws,standards and good practices at home and abroad,this paper summarizes the design general principles,design methods,performance criteria and recommended schemes for the airborne radioactive containment and ventilation purification systems applicable to the operation site of nuclear facilities in the decommissioning stage based on radioactive risk assessment.