论宪法政治与监察官的政治伦理

On Constitutional Politics and the Political Ethics of National Supervisors

监察体制改革第一阶段的经验已表明,虽然宪法和监察法以完全一致的表述规定了监察机关应当与其他国家机关相互制约,但由于现有监察程序结构存在的缺陷和监察队伍人员的观念偏差,实践中依旧面临监察机关优位和监察官专权化的现实难题。解决现实难题需从完善制度与优化观念两个层面齐头并进。制度层面应遵循均衡共和政体原理,反思改革经验、改进监察法中的权力配置构造,给监察法置入内在道德要素,即在监察法中落实宪法要求的平等保护与正当程序原则,构建对监察程序尤其是调查程序实现有效外部监督所需的具体程序机制。观念层面应依据共和制宪法政治原理对监察人员进行政治与理论培训,既要明确监察人员对宪法中的普遍政治道德原则负有不可推卸的认知责任与实践责任、又要防范监察人员基于部门特殊意识将监察权“道德权力化”。

The experience of the first stage of the reform of the supervisory system has shown although the Constitution and the Supervisory Law stipulate that supervisory organs should check and balance with other organs,but due to the deficiencies in the supervisory procedure structure and the ideology deviation of supervisory team members,the problem of authoritarianism of supervisory officials still exists in the practice.it is necessary to solve problems from two aspects,improving the system and optimizing the ideology.At the institutional level,it is critical to follow the principle of a balanced republican system,reflect on reform experience,improve the power structure in the supervisory law,incorporate internal moral elements into the supervisory law,that is,implement the principles of equal protection and due process required by the constitution in the supervisory law,and construct specific procedural mechanisms necessary for effective external supervision of supervisory procedure especially investigation procedures.At the ideology level,political and theoretical training should be provided to supervisory personnel based on the political moral principles of the constitution.It is necessary to clarify that supervisory personnel have an unshirkable cognitive and practical responsibility for the universal political and moral principles in the constitution,and to prevent supervisory personnel from"moralizing"supervisory power based on departmental special awareness in practice.