宋代四川地区镇市发展探析

A Study of the Development of Market Towns in Sichuan Province during the Song Dynasty

宋代四川镇市得到普遍发展,其数量和密度都位居全国前列,并在城乡之间承担着丝、茶和盐等商品货物的重要集散功能。其发展主要得益于乡村农业生产力的提高与农业经济的进步,及其与州县城市繁荣发展的工商业经济的市场化互动。另外,宋代四川镇市的发展也与地区赋役负担相对较低和赋役租佣形式的货币化趋势等因素有关。就密度和发展水平而言,四川虽不及以两浙为主的江南地区,但乡村经济的商品化程度已较高,较大程度地推动了区域的城镇化进程,优化了区域经济地理格局,促进了区域社会结构的转变,并产生了深远的历史影响。

During the Song Dynasty,rural market towns in Sichuan Province experienced significant growth and became prominent in terms of quantity and density compared to other regions in the country.These market towns served as crucial hubs for the exchange of goods,including silk,tea and salt between rural and urban areas.The development of Sichuan's market towns during the Song Dynasty can be attributed to several key factors.Firstly,the enhancement of rural agricultural productivity and advancements in the agricultural economy played a crucial role.Additionally,market-oriented interactions with the prosperous industrial and commercial economies of prefectures and counties further stimulated this development.Furthermore,the relatively lower burden of local taxes,as well as the gradual monetization of taxes and rent were also contributing factors.Although the market towns in Sichuan during the Song Dynasty did not rival the densely developed Jiangnan region,dominated by the then Liangzhe Province(now Zhejiang and part of Jiangsu),they demonstrated a significant level of commercialization within the region's rural economy.This process greatly promoted urbanization,optimized the economic and geographical structure of the region,transformed the regional social structure and brought forth profound historical impacts.