空间图式的库藏建构模型

An Inventorial Structuring Model of Spatial Schemas

Talmy语义库藏是语言封闭类形式语义元的总和,分为空间语义子库和非空间语义子库。本文在Talmy空间语义子库的基础上,通过分析英语in图式和汉语“上”图式两个个案,归纳出空间图式的库藏建构模型。该模型由四个部分构成——空间语义库藏、建构原理、基本空间范畴建构模型和基本空间元素建构模型,其认知基础涉及空间概念的认知加工,即抽象空间图式的具体化过程,参与其中的有视觉、触觉和本体感觉等具体或半具体认知系统,以及推理、文化等抽象认知系统。此模型在语言表征空间语义时处于共享认知核心的地位,有助于精确阐释表层空间图式用法多样性的成因,因此适用范围广泛。

The Talmyan semantic inventory is an aggregate of semantic primitives of closed-class forms in languages,constituted by the two parts of a spatial semantic sub-inventory and a non-spatial semantic sub-inventory.This paper,based on Talmyan spatial semantic sub-inventory,suggests a structuring model of spatial schemas by analyzing two instances of in schema in English and shang schema in Chinese.This model consists of four parts:spatial semantic inventory,structuring principle,basic spatial category structuring model and basic spatial element structuring model.Its cognitive basis involves the cognitive processing of spatial concepts,that is,the concretizing process of abstract spatial schemas in which concrete or semi-concrete cognitive systems such as vision,touch and somesthetic sensibility participate,as well as abstract cognitive systems such as inference and culture.The model is a shared zone for languages to construct spatial schemas,so as to precisely explicate the shared mechanism in linguistic representation of space and the causes for its superficial diversities.