大数据时代政府数据开放利用的现实困境及其法治保障路径

Dilemma of Open Utilization of Government Data and Its LegalGuarantee Path in Era of Big Data

大数据时代对数字政府建设提出了新要求,即由政府信息公开转向政府数据开放。为适应大数据时代对数字政府建设的新要求,国家通过政务信息化工作的统筹整合,实施了一系列政府数据开放利用的政策措施。无论是在法制建设、组织机构建立还是平台建设过程中,政府数据开放利用都取得了显著成效,但仍面临数据开放利用立法层次低与重管理忽视应用、数据权属与开放范围难把握、数据开放程序难落实、数据开放动力与能力不足、数据开放利用监督管理不到位、数据应用影响力较低等诸多现实困境。为进一步制度化与规范化政府数据开放利用管理工作,有必要建设高效协同的组织运营体系、建立政府数据开放利用法律规范体系、建立专门人才保障制度、建立健全监督和评估工作体系、创建与优化政府数据开发利用环境,助推政府数据开放利用法治化向纵深发展。

With the rapid development of Internet communication technology,humans have undoubtedly entered the era of big data.This era has also put forward new requirements for the construction of digital government,that is,from government information disclosure to government data openness.In order to meet the new requirements,China has implemented a series of policies and measures for the open utilization of government data through the overall integration of government information work.Whether in the process of legal system construction,organizational structure establishment,or platform construction,significant achievements have been made in the open utilization of government data.However,there are still challenges such as low legislative level and neglect of application due to much management,difficulty in grasping data ownership and opening scope,difficulty in implementing data opening procedures,insufficient motivation and ability for data opening,inadequate supervision and management of data open utilization,and less influence of data applications.In order to further institutionalize and standardize the management of government data open utilization,it is necessary to establish an efficient and collaborative organizational operation system,establish a legal norm system for government data open utilization,establish a specialized talent guarantee system,establish a sound supervision and evaluation work system,and create and optimize the environment for government data development and utilization,to promote the legal development of government data open utilization in depth.