当乡建情怀遭遇经济规律:对当代新乡村建设运动的反思

When Rural Construction Feelings Encounter Economic Laws:Reflections on the Contemporary New Rural Construction Movement

改革开放以来,我国经历了世界历史上规模最大、速度最快的城镇化进程,人口从农村向城市转移一直是主流趋势,但也有一些青年大学生逆流而上,投身乡村建设事业,成为乡建青年。他们的行为不只是出于朴素的情感,而是有着一整套理论体系的支撑。他们反思以工业化、城镇化、市场化为核心的现代化发展模式带来的负面后果,试图反其道而行之,在农村探索出另类发展模式。乡建青年的理想情怀令人钦佩,但他们的做法往往忽略经济规律而屡屡受挫。从唯物史观来看,分工深化和生产社会化是生产力发展的必然要求,反思市场化造成的生产社会化不能走向美化前现代的个体小生产。工业化和城镇化是现代化的必由之路,反思传统工业化和城镇化道路也不应该走向否定工业化和城镇化本身。乡村振兴不是要反城镇化,而是要和新型工业化、城镇化、农业现代化协同推进。

Since the reform and opening up,China has experienced the largest and fastest urbanization process in human history.Population transfer from rural areas to cities has always been the mainstream trend,but some young college students choose to go against the current and dedicate themselves to rural construction.Their behavior is not merely based on simple emotions,but is supported by a set of theories.Rural construction youth reflect on the negative consequences of the modernization model centered on industrialization,urbanization,and marketization,attempting to reverse the trend and explore alternative development models in rural areas.The ideals and sentiments of rural construction youth are admirable,but their actions contradict economic laws,resulting in repeated setbacks.From the perspective of historical materialism,deepening the division of labor and socializing production are the inevitable requirements for developing productive forces.Reflecting on the Social polarization caused by marketization cannot lead to idealizing the pre-modern individual small production.Industrialization and urbanization are the core of modernization,and reflection on the traditional path of industrialization and urbanization should not go towards denying industrialization and urbanization themselves.Rural revitalization is not about anti-urbanization,but rather coordinated promotion with new industrialization,urbanization,and agricultural modernization.