机车充风能力对重载列车缓解性能及车钩力影响研究

Research on the Influence of Locomotive Air Charging Capacity on the Release Performance and Coupler Force of Heavy Haul Trains

机车充气与排气性能是列车制动系统重要指标,目前机车制动系统验收指标仅对排气性能有明确要求,对充气性能无要求。机车供风能力不仅影响重载列车缓解特性和车钩力,而且严重制约重载列车在循环制动中的操纵方法。了解机车充气能力对缓解特性和车钩力的影响规律,以及重载列车安全运行和制动系统设计具有重要意义。通过建立列车空气制动系统仿真模型,分析机车充风能力对重载列车缓解特性和车钩力的影响。分析发现,机车充风能力对列车再充风时间、缓解波传播和车钩力都有明显影响;充风能力越弱,则缓解波传递越慢,车钩力越大。在本文研究范围内,合适的充气能力将比弱充风能力首尾车缓解时间差缩短3 s,最大车钩力降低16.2%。建议机车验收时增加机车充风能力检测,并给出了建议检测标准。针对重载列车充风能力,建议多部门联合系统性开展实验与仿真研究,制订重载列车制动系统检测标准与方法。

The locomotive charging and exhausting performance are an important indexes of the train braking system.At present,the acceptance index of the locomotive braking system only has clear requirements for the exhausting performance,and there is no requirement for the charging performance.The air charging capacity of the locomotive not only affects the release characteristics and coupler force of the heavy-duty train but also seriously restricts the operation method of the heavy-duty train in the cycle braking.It is of great significance for the safe operation of heavy-duty trains and the design of braking systems to understand the influence of locomotive charging characteristics on release performance and coupler forces.By establishing the simulation model of the train air braking system,the influence of locomotive air charging capacity on the release performance and coupler force of heavy-duty trains is analyzed.It is found that the air charging capacity of the locomotive has a significant impact on the recharging time of the train,the transmission of the release wave and the coupler forces.The weaker the air charging capacity,the slower the release wave transmission and the greater the coupler force.Within the research scope of this paper,the appropriate charging capacity will shorten the release time difference between the first and the last cars by 3 s and reduce the maximum coupler force by 16.2%compared with the weak charging capacity of the train.It is suggested to increase the test item of locomotive air charging capacity during locomotive acceptance,and the recommended test standard is given.Because of the importance of air charging capacity to heavy-duty trains,it is suggested that multiple agencies should jointly systematically carry out experimental and simulation research on the locomotive charging ability,and formulate the testing standards and methods for the braking system of heavy-duty trains during locomotive acceptance.