中国现实主义文学的精英化运作取向

The Elitist Operational Orientation of Chinese Realist Literature

学术界较多注意到中国现当代文学中现实主义“宽泛化”的现象,却很少关注现实主义文学与理论发展呈现精英化的事实。中国现代文学可以说是由现实主义起步的,现实主义文学几乎影响了新文学倡导时期“一代人”,“为人生”“血和泪”的文学观对任何倾向的现代中国作家都有明显的整合力。但是到了左翼文学运动,现实主义就被理解成具有无产阶级倾向的“一众人”的文学选择,甚至被认为具有阶级文学的倾向。到了社会主义时期,特别是到了提倡“干预生活”的社会主义现实主义时期,现实主义成为新中国文学精英的一种能力和操守,成为能够引导社会生活的一种精英手段,这时候,现实主义就被定义为只有精英文学家“一干人”才能把握的精英文学理念与相应的社会政治才能的体现。

Academics have paid more attention to the phenomenon of the“broadening”of realism in Chinese modern and contemporary literature,but little attention to the fact that it has become elitist.It can be said that modern Chinese literature started from realism,and realist literature has influenced almost a generation of new literature.The literary concepts of“for life”and“blood and tears”had an obvious integrating power for modern Chinese writers.But in the left-wing literary movement,realism was understood as the literary tendency of a“group of people”with proletarian tendencies,or even as a class literary tendency.In the socialist period,especially in the period of socialist realism,which advocated“intervention in life”,realism became a kind of ability and integrity of the new Chinese literary elite.At this point,realism was defined as the embodiment of elite literary concepts and corresponding political and social talents that only some elite literary scholars could grasp.