考虑企业异质性的外部知识对流程创新作用机制的博弈分析

A Game Analysis on the Impact of External Knowledge on Process Innovation Considering Manufacturer's Heterogeneity

本文基于知识基础观理论,以两个异质性制造企业组成的寡头竞争市场为研究对象,参考经典研发竞争AJ模型和非对称研发模型,构建外部知识对企业流程创新作用机制的两阶段非合作博弈模型,采用逆向回归法求解子博弈纳什均衡解,对均衡解进行理论分析,并进行数值模拟。研究表明,对于异质性企业来说,通过流程创新获得成本优势的企业将拥有更大的市场份额,且企业的均衡外部知识引入量也随着初始边际生产成本差异系数的变化而变化。总体来说,企业异质性造成了流程创新竞争的不平衡性。在流程创新过程中,企业引入外部知识对自身均衡产量具有正向效应,对均衡利润的影响存在阈值,呈现先增加后降低的趋势。由于溢出效应的存在,企业引入外部知识对竞争企业的均衡产量及利润也产生正向效应,但是,竞争企业的均衡产量及利润取决于两个企业的竞争关系。本文进一步提出了促进外部知识利用,提升企业流程创新能力的管理启示。

In this paper,the AJ R&D competition model and asymmetric R&D model are used to propose a 2-stage non-cooperative game model about the impact of external knowledge on process innovation in oligopolistic competition market composed of two heterogeneous manufacturers based on knowledge-based view and open innovation theory.The subgame Nash equilibrium solution is solved by inverse regression method,then the equilibrium solution theoretically is analyzed,and numerical simulation is performed.Our findings is that the manufacturer has a larger market share with cost advantage of process innovation for heterogeneous manufactur⁃ers,and the equilibrium amount of external knowledge assimilated by the manufacturer will change with the initial cost difference coefficient.Overall,enterprise heterogeneity has caused imbalance in process innovation competition.In the process of process innovation,external knowledge assimilated by the manufacturers has a positive effect on its equilibrium output,and there is a threshold for its impact on the equilibrium profit which increases first and then decreases.Due to spillover effects,external knowledge assimilated by the manufacturer also has a positive effect on the equilibrium output and profits for the opposite manufacturer,but the equilibrium output and profits of the opposite manufacturer depend on the competitive relationship between two manufactur⁃ers.Some managerial implications are put forward to promote the use of external knowledge and the effective⁃ness of process innovation further is enhanced.