以审查为中心的法官惩戒程序改造

The Reconstruction of Judge Disciplinary Procedure Centered on Review

法官违反审判职责行为严重败坏司法声誉,需要在兼顾审判权自身特点与要求的前提下,追究其法律责任。为此,最高人民法院、全国各高级人民法院陆续设立了法官惩戒委员会,针对法官违反审判职责行为建立了单独的惩戒机制。2021年,最高人民法院发布了《法官惩戒工作程序规定(试行)》。现行法官惩戒制度仍然存在惩戒主体缺乏中立性、法官惩戒委员会功能不彰的弊端。未来法官惩戒制度改革应以审查为中心,着眼于维护法官惩戒程序的中立性,从惩戒标准、法官惩戒委员会的委员组成、惩戒程序的确定性、审查意见内容与效力等方面入手进行程序改造。

Judicial reputation is ruined by judges who violate their judicial duties,and they should be prosecuted for legal liabilities while the characteristics and requirements of judicial power shall be considered.The Supreme People’s Court and higher people’s courts across the country have successively established judge disciplinary committees to set up specialized disciplinary mechanism for judges who violate their judicial duties.In 2021,the Supreme People’s Court issued the Regulations on the Procedure of Judge Disciplinary Work(Trial).Current disciplinary system has drawbacks such as lacking of neutrality in the disciplinary subjects,and inadequate functions of the judge disciplinary committee.The judge disciplinary system reform should be centered on review,focus on the neutrality of judge disciplinary procedure,and refine the disciplinary standard,the members of the judge disciplinary committee,the consistency of the disciplinary procedure,and the content and effectiveness of review opinions.