个体化营养干预在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果

Application effects of individualized nutritional intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的:观察个体化营养干预在妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年2月至2022年2月该院收治的108例GDM患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组各54例。对照组实施常规营养干预,研究组实施个体化营养干预。比较两组干预前后血糖指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后1 h血糖(1hPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]水平、营养指标(白蛋白、血清总蛋白)水平及应对评分。结果:干预后,两组FPG、1hPG、2hPG及HbA1c水平均低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组白蛋白、血清总蛋白水平均高于干预前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组积极应对评分均高于干预前,且研究组高于对照组,两组消极应对评分均低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:个体化营养干预应用于GDM患者,可降低血糖水平,提高营养指标水平,改善疾病应对方式,效果优于常规营养干预。

Objective:To observe application effects of individualized nutrition intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 108 patients with GDM admitted to the hospital from February 2020 to February 2022.According to the random number table method,they were divided into control group and study group,54 cases in each group.The control group was given routine nutrition intervention,while the study group was given the individualized nutrition intervention.The levels of blood glucose indexes[fasting blood glucose(FPG),1 h postprandial blood glucose(1hPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)],the nutritional indexes(albumin,serum total protein)levels,and the coping scores were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:After the intervention,the levels of FPG,1hPG,2hPG and HbA1c in the two groups were lower than those before the intervention,those in the study group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of albumin and serum total protein in the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,those in the study group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Further,the positive coping scores of the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,and that in the study group was higher than that in the control group;the negative coping scores of the two groups were lower than those before the intervention,and that in the study group was lower than that in the control group;and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:Individualized nutritional intervention applied to the GDM patients can reduce blood glucose levels,improve the nutritional indexes,and improve the disease coping styles.Moreover,it is superior to the routine nutrition intervention.