宁夏地区无偿献血者不规则抗体的鉴定和分布特点

Identification and Distribution of Irregular Antibodies in Unpaid Blood Donors in Ningxia Region

目的:分析宁夏地区无偿献血者不规则抗体分布情况。方法:选取2019年—2021年宁夏血液中心122 305例无偿献血者作为研究对象,采用全自动血型分析仪对血液标本进行ABO血型检测,对O细胞凝集的标本进行不规则抗体鉴定,统计分析不规则抗体的特异性分布情况。结果:122 305例无偿献血者标本中共检出不规则抗体58例,其中女性献血者检出比例大于男性献血者,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.997,P<0.05);汉族献血者不规则抗体阳性率大于回族献血者,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.567,P>0.05);男性有输血或妊娠史13例(22.4%),女性有输血或妊娠史31例(53.4%);18~40岁和41~60岁年龄段之间阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.257,P<0.05)。结论:本地区无偿献血者不规则抗体分布存在性别差异,而汉族和回族之间差异无统计学意义。不规则抗体的有效检出能够确保临床输血安全有效。

Objective:To analyze the irregular antibody distribution in unpaid blood donors in Ningxia.Methods:122305 cases of unpaid blood donors in Ningxia Blood Center from 2019 to 2021 were selected as the study subjects,and the blood specimens were tested for ABO blood grouping by using an automatic blood group analyzer.Specimens agglutinated with O-cells were identified with irregular antibodies and statistically analyzed for the specific distribution of irregular antibodies.Results:In 122305 specimens from unpaid blood donors,irregular antibodies were detected in 58 cases,in which the proportion of female donors detected was greater than that of male donors,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.997,P<0.05).The rate of irregular antibody positivity was greater in Han nationality blood donors than in Hui nationality blood donors,and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.567,P>0.05).13(22.4%)males had a history of blood transfusion or pregnancy,and 31(53.4%)females had a history of blood transfusion or pregnancy.The difference in positivity rates between the 18~40 and 40~60 age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=30.257,P<0.05).Conclusion:There were gender differences in the distribution of irregular antibodies among unpaid blood donors in this region,while the differences between Han and Hui ethnic groups were not statistically significant.The effective detection of irregular antibodies can ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood transfusion.