基于健康信念模式的饮食指导与常规饮食干预对老年消化道出血患者治疗依从性及住院时间的影响研究

Study of the Effects of Dietary Guidance Based on Health Belief Model and Conventional Dietary Intervention on Treatment Adherence and Length of Hospitalization in Elderly Patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding

目的:探讨基于健康信念模式的饮食指导与常规饮食干预对老年消化道出血患者治疗依从性及住院时间的影响。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年1月南阳市中心医院收治的106例老年消化道出血患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为研究组和对照组,每组各53例。对照组患者采用常规饮食干预,研究组患者采用基于健康信念模式的饮食指导干预。比较两组患者的住院时间、治疗依从率、营养指标血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(TRF)及护理满意度。结果:研究组患者住院时间为(7.24±1.17) d,明显短于对照组的(10.58±2.01) d,差异有统计学意义(t=10.455,P<0.05)。研究组患者总依从率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.200,P<0.05)。干预后,两组患者Hb、TRF均高于干预前,且研究组患者营养指标Hb、TRF高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=9.526、9.358,P<0.05)。研究组患者护理满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.230,P<0.05)。结论:基于健康信念模式的饮食指导能够有效缩短患者住院时间,改善其治疗依从性,提升其营养指标,提高其护理满意度。

Objective:To investigate the effects of dietary guidance based on a health belief model versus conventional dietary intervention on treatment adherence and length of hospitalization in elderly patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods:106 cases of elderly patients with gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the study subjects,and they were divided into the study group and the control group according to the method of random number table,with 53 cases in each group.The control group used conventional dietary intervention and the study group used dietary guidance intervention based on health belief model.The hospitalization time,treatment compliance rate,nutritional indicators hemoglobin(Hb),transferrin(TRF),and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The length of hospitalization in the study group was(7.24±1.17)d,which was significantly shorter than(10.58±2.01)d in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=10.455,P<0.05).The total adherence rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.200,P<0.05).After the intervention,Hb and TRF of patients in both groups were higher than before the intervention,and the nutritional indexes of Hb and TRF of the study group were higher than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=9.526、9.358,P<0.05).Nursing care satisfaction of the study group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=8.230,P<0.05).Conclusion:Dietary guidance based on a health belief model can effectively shorten patients’length of stay,improve their treatment adherence,enhance their nutritional indicators,and increase their satisfaction with care.