数字普惠金融对农村消费结构影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on Rural Consumption Structure

基于2013~2020年我国31个省份(市、自治区)的面板数据,运用GMM模型和中介效应模型,研究数字普惠金融对农村消费结构的影响及其作用机制。结果显示:(1)数字普惠金融总指数分别在0.05、0.1、0.01水平上显著正向影响3种消费支出,说明数字普惠金融能够促进并优化升级农村居民消费结构。(2)纳入教育水平后的数字普惠金融总指数显著正向影响3种消费支出,说明纳入教育水平后的数字普惠金融能够通过提高人力资本的投入,从而有效促进农村居民消费水平的提高,改善农村的消费结构,促进农村经济的健康可持续发展。(3)数字金融总指数对东部地区、中部地区和西部地区农村居民的生存型消费支出具有正向影响,且在0.01水平上显著正向影响东部地区和西部地区,说明数字普惠金融对不同区域的农村居民消费具有不同程度的促进作用,但普惠性并未得到充分发挥。提出加强农村地区的教育投入力度和农村金融基础设施建设的对策。

Based on panel data from 31 provinces(cities,autonomous regions)in China from 2013 to 2020,the GMM model and mesomeric effect model are used to study the impact and mechanism of digital inclusive finance on rural consumption structure.The results show that:(1)the total index of digital inclusive finance has a significant positive impact on three types of consumption expenditures at the levels of 0.05,0.1,and 0.01 respectively,indicating that digital inclusive finance can promote and optimize the upgrading of rural resi-dent consumption structure.(2)the total index of digital inclusive finance,which is included in the education level,has a significant positive impact on three types of consumption expenditures,indicating that digital inclu-sive finance,which is included in the education level,can effectively promote the improvement of rural resi-dents'consumption level,improve the consumption structure of rural areas,and promote the healthy and sus-tainable development of rural economy by increasing investment in human capital.(3)the overall index of dig-ital finance has a positive impact on the survival consumption expenditure of rural residents in the eastern,central,and western regions,and significantly positively affects the eastern and western regions at the 0.01 level.This indicates that digital inclusive finance has different degrees of promoting effect on the consumption of rural residents in different regions,but its inclusiveness has not been fully utilized.The strategies to strengthen education investment and rural financial infrastructure construction in rural areas are proposed.