基于8个农艺性状的黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Wheat Varieties(Lines)in Huanghuai Wheat Region Based on 8 Agro-nomic Traits

对黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)进行综合评价,可以为小麦育种工作提供评价方法和优异亲本。以黄淮麦区150份小麦品种(系)为研究群体,测定每个材料的8个农艺性状(株高、穗长、每穗小穗数、穗粒数、单株有效分蘖数、粒质、粒整齐度、千粒重),采用遗传多样性指数(H′)、相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函数、层次聚类等方法进行遗传多样性分析与综合评价。遗传多样性分析结果显示,8个农艺性状的H′为0.29(粒质)~2.05(穗长),平均为1.62,表明黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)具有丰富的遗传多样性。变异分析结果显示,该小麦群体中单株有效分蘖数(30.96%)和粒整齐度(20.46%)的变异系数较大,株高(5.66%)和每穗小穗数(7.61%)的变异系数较小。相关分析结果显示,不同农艺性状之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中,穗长与每穗小穗数(r=0.459)和穗粒数(r=0.316)呈极显著正相关;穗粒数与每穗小穗数(r=0.289)呈极显著正相关,与单株有效分蘖数(r=-0.372)和千粒重(r=-0.238)呈极显著负相关;千粒重与粒整齐度(r=0.247)呈极显著正相关。主成分分析将8个农艺性状转换为6个独立的指标,可覆盖87.51%的原有性状信息。基于隶属函数法计算综合评价值(D值)进行层次聚类,将黄淮麦区150份小麦品种(系)划分5个类群(优异型、较好型、中等型、较差型、最差型),筛选出山农25771(0.695)、泰农108(0.687)、鲁原158(0.672)、鲁原309(0.668)、TKM0311(0.640)、LS4607(0.636)、鲁研148(0.620)、BY598(0.617)、衡观35(0.615)、鲁麦23(0.612)和衡4399(0.611)共11份优异品种(系),可作为小麦育种的优异亲本种质。

The comprehensive evaluation of wheat varieties(lines)in Huanghuai wheat region can provide evaluation methods and excellent parents for wheat breeding.Using 150 wheat varieties(lines)from Huanghuai wheat region as the research population,8 agronomic traits(plant height,spike length,spikelets per spike,grains per spike,effective tillers per plant,grain quality,grain uniformity,and 1000 grain weight)were measured for each material.The genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation were conducted using methods such as genetic diversity index(H'),correlation analysis,principal component analysis,mem-bership function,and hierarchical clustering.The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that the H' of 8 agronomic traits ranged from 0.29(grain quality)to 2.05(spike length),with an average of 1.62,indicating that wheat varieties(lines)in this region had rich genetic diversity.The results of vari-ation analysis showed that the variation coefficient of effective tillers per plant(30.96%)and grain unifor-mity(20.46%)in this wheat population was relative-ly large,while the variation coefficient of plant height(5.66%)and spikelets per spike(7.61%)were relatively small.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was varying degrees of correlation between different agronomic traits,among which the spike length was highly significantly positively correlated with the number of spikelets per spike(r=0.459)and the number of grains per spike(r=0.316).There was a highly significant positive correlation between the number of grains per spike and the number of spikelets per spike(r=0.289),while there was a highly significant nega-tive correlation between the number of effective tillers per plant(r=-0.372)and 1000 grain weight(r=-0.238).There was a highly significant positive correlation between 1000 grain weight and grain uniformity(r=0.247).The 8 agronomic traits were converted into 6 independent indicators in the principal component analysis,covering 87.51%of the original trait information.Based on the membership function method to calculate the compre-hensive evaluation value(D value)for hierarchical clustering,150 wheat varieties(lines)in Huanghuai wheat region were divided into 5 groups(excellent type,good type,medium type,poor type,and worst type).A total of 11 excellent varieties(lines)were selected including Shannong 25771(0.695),Tainong 108(0.687),Luyuan 158(0.672),Luyuan 309(0.668),TKM0311(0.640),LS4607(0.636),Luyan 148(0.620),BY598(0.617),Hengguan 35(0.615),Lumai 23(0.612),and Heng 4399(0.611),which can be used as excellent parental germplasm for wheat breeding.