主观认知下降的结构和功能磁共振成像研究进展

Advances in structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging of subjective cognitive decline

主观认知下降被认为是阿尔茨海默病连续体的第一个临床表现,先于轻度认知障碍。其认知变化以微妙的认知下降和补偿性的认知努力为特征,且已经被证明是阿尔茨海默病的高危阶段。研究患有主观认知下降的人群对于理解早期阿尔茨海默病的病理机制和识别主观认知下降相关的生物标志物很重要,且早期诊断和干预可以有效改善患者的预后。随着正电子发射断层扫描和磁共振成像等先进神经成像技术的出现,越来越多的证据揭示了与主观认知下降症状相关的大脑结构和功能改变。本研究主要从结构磁共振成像、扩散张量成像、功能磁共振成像、机器学习角度分析主观认识下降的诊断、预测病情方面的研究现状进行了综述,以期为揭示其神经生理机制及早期诊断提供影像学依据。

Subjective cognitive decline is considered to be the first clinical manifestation of the Alzheimer's disease continuum,preceding mild cognitive impairment.Its cognitive changes are characterized by subtle cognitive decline and compensatory cognitive effort,and have been shown to be a high-risk stage of Alzheimer's disease.Studying people with subjective cognitive decline is important to understanding the pathological mechanisms of early Alzheimer's disease and identifying biomarkers associated with subjective cognitive decline,and early diagnosis and intervention can effectively improve patient outcomes.With the advent of advanced neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and MRI,a growing body of evidence is revealing alterations in brain structure and function associated with symptoms of subjective cognitive decline.This study mainly reviewed the current research status of diagnosis and prediction of subjective cognitive decline from the perspectives of structural magnetic resonance imaging,diffusion tensor imaging,functional magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning,in order to reveal its neurophysiological mechanism and provide imaging basis for early diagnosis.