现代自然教育的古典意蕴及其困境——对卢梭自然教育论的批判性分析

The Classical Implications of Modern Nature Education and Its Dilemma—A Critical Analysis of Rousseau 's Theory of Nature Education

自然,是教育概念领域中极为重要的概念。可以说,自然规定了教育,教育即自然教育。在教育思想史中,卢梭是现代自然教育的奠基者。他深受柏拉图的古典自然教育论的影响,从而使得他所奠基的现代自然教育具有了古典的意蕴。进言之,卢梭区分了两类自然人,即天才与常人,自然教育的职责就是使他们各安其分,不过由于现代自然教育置身于无限宇宙之理念中,所以它又导致了受过教育的自然人只能行走在没有终点的道路上。这其实是一种困境,因为人自身又渴望目的和终点。这一困境,其实也是现代教育的困境,现代教育应该如何走出这一困境,是一个值得思考的大问题。非此即彼的方式必须被抛弃,唯有古与今的对话才是获致中和之路的最佳方式。

Nature is an extremely important concept in the field of educational concepts.It can be said that nature defines education and education is nature education.In the history of educational thought,Rousseau is the founder of modern nature education.He was deeply influenced by Plato's classical theory of nature education,thus giving a classical meaning to the modern nature education he founded.In other words,Rousseau distinguished between two types of natural persons,namely geniuses and normals,and the duty of natural education was to make them each comfortable.However,because modern nature education is situated in the idea of an infinite universe,it leads the educated naturalist to walk on a path without end.This is actually a dilemma,because people themselves desire purpose and end.This dilemma is actually the dilemma of modern education,and how modern education should get out of this dilemma is a big question worth considering.The either/or approach must be abandoned,and only dialogue between the past and the present is the best way to achieve neutrality.