金亡前的宋蒙关系探析

Exploration of Song-Mongol Relations Before the Fall of the Jin Dynasty

开禧二年(1206),蒙古汗国的建立,标志着一支新兴强大的势力在北方崛起。蒙古建国二十年,即灭亡了西夏政权,且逐渐改变着南宋与金分庭抗礼的局面。随着蒙古南下攻金,早期的宋蒙关系从最开始的不即不离,到关系热化,再到双方合力灭金,大体上经历了四个不同的发展阶段。在这期间,宋蒙虽然出现过山东地区势力争夺和丁亥之变等矛盾冲突,但攻金灭金始终是双方合作的基础,故总体上呈现平等、合作的关系。

The establishment of the Mongol Khanate in 1206 marked the rise of a new and powerful force in the north.Within twenty years of its founding,the Mongols annihilated the Western Xia regime and gradually altered the balance between the Southern Song and Jin dynasties.The early Song-Mongol relations evolved through four different stages,from initial detachment to warming relations,and eventually to a joint effort in annihilating the Jin.Despite conflicts like the power struggle in Shandong and the Dinghai Incident,the mutual goal of defeating the Jin remained the foundation of cooperation,generally characterized by equality and collaboration.