黄道周《孝经集传》中的爱敬情感漫议——兼及对阳明学爱敬关系的重订

A Study of Love and Respect in Huang Daozhou’s Collection of Filial Piety:Also on the Restatement of Wang Yangming’s Love and Respect Relationship

黄道周《孝经集传》认为爱与敬是孝中重要情感,二者不可废偏:敬能明晰父子伦常而行合宜之道,爱能使家庭关系融洽亲睦;且依儒家情感推扩论,敬能尊重父母进而礼敬他人,爱能关怀父母进而亲近他人。在爱敬关系上黄道周以敬为本,认为敬引领并导顺了爱,且对他者的爱也可以从敬中推出。“敬本”得以可能,从人道维度看基于敬是礼乐教化之实,而礼是成德之径,因此以礼教培养美德离不开敬;从天道维度看孝源自人对天地生生之仁心的感通,而人对于超越者(天)的情感侧重敬而非爱。对于阳明学多言爱而罕言敬导致的晚明情欲恣肆之弊,黄道周从孝本论出发论证敬是本源情感,并主张从家庭场域中发现并培养敬。真敬的归位能在尊重人物自性基础上,使社会伦理秩序条理和谐。

Huang Daozhou’s The Book of Filial Piety believes that love and respect are important emotions in filial piety and the two should not be abandoned:respect can clarify the morality of father and son and act appropriately and love can make family relations harmonious and harmonious.In addition,respect can respect parents and then others,love can care for parents and then get close to others.Huang Daozhou is based on respect.He believes that respect leads to love,and love for others can also be derived from respect.From a humanitarian perspective,the possibility of“respecting the essence”is based on the fact that respect is the essence of ritual and music education and ritual is the path to moral cultivation.From the perspective of heaven,filial piety originates from people’s understanding of the benevolence of heaven and earth,while people’s emotions towards the transcendent(heaven)focus on respect rather than love.Huang Daozhou advocated to find and cultivate respect from the family field for the abuse of lust in the late Ming Dynasty caused by Yangmingism’s more love than respect.The return of true respect can make the social ethical order orderly and harmonious.