马克思早期政治经济学研究中的方法论转变探析

The Methodological Transformation in Marx’s Early Political Economy Research

古典政治经济学中存在着一种以客观现实为依据的隐性唯物主义方法论。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思运用人本主义哲学批判和经济学批判的方法,构建了异化劳动理论。随着马克思对政治经济学的进一步研究,资本主义大工业时代的生产方式成为他关注的焦点,马克思的研究视域转向社会历史发展中的客观现实。在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识形态》中,马克思将政治经济学中的隐性唯物主义原则上升到哲学方法论层面,科学地揭示了社会历史的客观规律。马克思科学方法论的转变,成为历史唯物主义和历史辩证法的创立起点。

There is an implicit materialist methodology in classical political economy based on objective reality.In the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Marx used the methods of humanistic philosophical criticism and economic criticism to construct the theory of alienated labor.With Marx’s further study of political economy,the mode of production in the era of capitalist industry became the focus of his attention,and Marx’s research horizon turned to the objective reality in the development of social history.In the Theses on Feuerbach and the German Ideology,Marx raised the implicit materialist principle in political economy to the level of philosophical methodology,scientifically revealing the objective laws of social history.The transformation of Marx’s scientific methodology became the starting point for the creation of historical materialism and historical dialectics.