《民法典》规范体系下悬赏广告规则的完善

IMPROVEMENT OF THE RULES ON REWARD ADVERTISEMENTS UNDER THE NORMATIVE SYSTEM OF THE CIVIL CODE

《民法典》针对悬赏广告问题采取了适用第四百九十九条和一般合同规则的方式,此种规范方法忽略了悬赏广告合同的特殊性并缺少有关多数人主张报酬、优等悬赏广告等特殊规定,引发行为人的报酬请求权行使障碍与悬赏广告合同法律纠纷等诸多问题。文章通过说明承诺要件存在的必要性,论证了悬赏广告具备契约性质更为妥当。立足于“意思行为说”及悬赏广告“契约说”属性,提出悬赏广告规则完善建议:明确行为人的承诺在通知悬赏人时生效、规定悬赏广告的撤回应采取产生类似公告效果的方式、明确报酬在数人分别同时主张时由数人共同取得、并对优等悬赏广告的特殊性做出规定,最终将悬赏广告规则安排在合同编典型合同一章。

The Civil Code adopts the approach of applying Article 499 and general contract rules to the issue of reward advertisements,which ignores the special characteristics of reward advertisement contracts and lacks special provisions on majority claims for remuneration and preferential reward advertisements,leading to obstacles in the exercise of the actor's right to claim remuneration and legal disputes over reward advertisement contracts.Based on the"intentional act theory",this paper argues that it is more appropriate for the reward advertisement to have contractual nature by explaining the necessity of the existence of the promise element,and further puts forward the suggestions to improve the rules of the reward advertisement:clarifying that the reward recipient's promise takes effect when the reward presenter is notified;withdrawing a reward advertisement should be in a way similar to that of a public announcement;adding rules on superior reward advertisements and majority claims for remuneration;and finally arranging the rules on reward advertisements in the chapter on typical contracts of the Contracts Part in order to realize the perfection of the rules.