个体冷却服的研究现状与发展趋势

Research status and development trend in individual cooling garment

个体冷却服可缓解在户外高温环境中工作人员所出现的热应激问题从而提高工作效率。为解决个体冷却服在研发和使用过程中所出现的冷却时间短、衣内潮湿、冷却介质泄漏等关键问题,结合国内外最新研究成果,从冷却系统及其质量、降温区间、移动方式、使用场景等角度,分别介绍了气体冷却、液体冷却、相变冷却、混合冷却4种类型的基础冷却服的研究进展,并重点归纳总结了热电冷却系统、辐射冷却系统、新材料冷却系统和真空干燥剂冷却系统4种新型冷却系统。从冷却材料包装、温度控制技术、新材料等影响冷却服性能的主要因素出发认为,未来冷却服的研发要关注6个方面:面料选择、新型冷却材料研发、制冷介质包装优化、自动调节热交换网络设计、冷却服综合工效学评价、微型智能温控面料及系统开发。

Significance In high-temperature environments during the summer and high heat scene,workers′body core temperature keeps rising,leading to heat stress issues such as heat exhaustion,heat stroke,and heat cramp.Individual cooling garment are capable of mitigating heat stress issues that workers may experience in high-temperature environments.By regulating the temperature inside the clothing,they enhance the comfort of the wearer and improve their work efficiency.These suits serve as effective protective equipment with notable cooling effect.Traditional individual cooling garment face key issues such as short cooling duration,hot and humid when worn,and coolant leakage.The emergence of new cooling systems has provided research directions for improving cooling garment.Based on the latest research findings,the classification of cooling garment from a cooling system perspective has been introduced.The latest cooling system designs have been summarized,and the main factors influencing cooling garment performance have been analyzed.Additionally,the future development trends have been outlined with the aim of providing reference for the research and development of cooling garment.Progress It is crucial to develop new cooling systems and find solutions to enhance the comfort of cooling garment.Researchers have conducted extensive studies to improve cooling systems,aiming to enhance cooling effectiveness and refrigeration efficiency.In the field of gas cooling garment,researchers have compared the impact of garment size and ventilation rate on thermal resistance and cooling effectiveness.The results indicate that loose-fitting gas cooling garment exhibit superior ventilation efficiency and cooling effectiveness compared to form-fitting suits.To address practical applications,researchers have developed gas cooling garment with adjustable fan speeds.The results demonstrate that incorporating fans both in the front and back of the garment not only improves comfort but also reduces energy waste while maintaining longer cooling effects.In the field of liquid cooling garment,the latest approach for pipe preparation involves using PU fabric and heat pressing techniques to create cooling pipes.Liquid cooling garment designed with semiconductor refrigeration devices have effectively addressed coolant leakage issues and improved thermal comfort for wearers.Regarding pipe layout,research indicates that transverse arrangement of cooling pipes yields higher cooling efficiency compared to longitudinal arrangement.In the field of phase-change cooling garment,multiple studies have shown that increasing the temperature difference between the cooling pack and the environment improves cooling efficiency.Therefore,scholars have developed hybrid cooling jackets using dry ice and fans,resulting in improved refrigeration efficiency,extended cooling duration,and easier cleaning of the cooling garment.In the development of new cooling garment,thermoelectric refrigeration systems are gaining attention.These systems do not require compressors and allow for quick and accurate adjustment of cooling efficiency by regulating electric current.The temperature range that can be controlled is wide(-130℃to 90℃),and there is no risk of refrigerant leakage with semiconductor cooling plates.Radiative cooling is another research direction of interest.Nanofabricated silk cooling garment based on radiative cooling principles can lower skin temperature by 8℃in high-temperature environments,meeting comfort requirements.Furthermore,it is essential to develop new materials that offer excellent wearer comfort,high cooling efficiency,and enhanced environmental sustainability for new cooling systems.Examples include temperature-sensitive shape-memory bacteria and nanoporous polyethylene materials.Addressing the portability issues of convection-based gas cooling garment and insufficient power supply for cooling devices,a vacuum desiccant cooling(VDC)system has been developed.VDC pads are prepared and initialized by a high-performance vacuum pump,with the vacuum layer facilitating evaporation for cooling effects.Conclusion and Prospect The development of cooling clothing in the future is mainly reflected in the research and development of green functional fabrics with good cooling effect,and in optimizing the packaging of the cooling medium to reduce energy waste.The future development of cooling clothing is mainly reflected in the development of green functional fabrics with good cooling effects and new lightweight and durable materials.The following are believed to represent the research directions:optimization of the packaging of cooling medium to reduce energy wastel;further research and development of automatic adjustment heat exchange network to improve wearing comfort;more comprehensive ergonomic evaluation of cooling garment,taking into account the thermal perceptual response and ergonomics and other factors to improve the performance of cooling garment,and development of more intelligent,simple,miniaturized intelligent temperature control system.