应用基础研究驱动科技自立自强:特征、路径与比较

Applied Basic Research Drives Self-reliance and Self-improvement in Science and Technology:Features,Paths,and Comparison

解决当前科技体系与产业体系之间的隔阂,需要更加整合的政策导向,这使应用基础研究获得了前所未有的关注。但目前对这个崭新的议题研究甚少。本文以定性与定量相结合的方法展开比较案例研究,选取产学研不同领域的若干案例,在案例历史脉络与相应论文发表关键词共现分析之间建立对应关系。结果表明,应用基础研究表现出极强的演化特征和学科交叉特征,这在共现分析上集中反映为论文关键词的稳定代际变化。而这些现象背后的根本原因则是技术需求对科学研究的强大引导作用,进而导致了技术与科学的同步自立自强。本文也在案例中识别出四种技术需求驱动科学研究的基本路径。这些理论分析为进一步理解应用基础研究提供了新的视角。在此基础上,文章最后讨论了本文的相关结论对公共政策制定的启示。

Currently,there is an obvious and long-lasting estrangement between China’s S&T system and the industrial system.Such a phenomena stems from a fundamental fact that the national innovation system in China emphasizes the division among different activites more than their integration.In order to solve this problem,policies in recent years have begun to shift increasingly from the traditional thinking mode to an integrated one,which brings an unprecedented attention to the applied basic research.Policy transition have begun in recent years.In this case,this study,based on a short literature review,defines applied basic research as a middle stage between basic research and applied research.However,little is known about this concept at present.For example,how does it happen?What are the basic characteristics of it?Based on the mutual promotion of basic research and applied research,how does the self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology come true?In order to answer such questions above,this paper selects several cases from different fields,like Zheng Hairong in Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technologies,which is a representative of new research institute,Beijing Sanyuan Food Co.and BOE as the representatives of local innovative firms,and some other cases from universities in different periods.Through comparative case study that combines qualitative and quantitative methods,these cases establish a corresponding relationship between the cases’historical context and the keyword co-occurrence analysis in the corresponding published paper.In the process of comparative research,this paper will not only use bibliometric tools to demonstrate some key features of applied basic research in a more visual method,but also identify the key differences between applied basic research and pure basic research.The results show that the applied basic research has strong evolutionary and interdisciplinary characteristics,which is concentratedly reflected in the co-occurrence analysis as a stable intergenerational change of key words.The main reason behind is the strong guiding effect of technical needs on scientific research,which leads to the synchronous self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology.On the basis of the above,four basic paths of technology demand-driven scientific research are identified as well:the technology iteration oriented by a certain demand or context,the improvement of product performance,the in-depth validation and development based on specific principles,and the diversification strategy of enterprise.These theoretical analyses provide a new perspective for the further understanding of applied basic research.Finally,on the basis of the above content,the article discusses the insights given by the conclusions for policy making in the form of polemic:Firstly,useful science is good science.Therefore it makes no sense to insist on the dogma of basic research.Secondly,the self-reliance and self-improvement in technology could be the trigger of self-reliance and self-improvement in science.Hence,it is not enough to encourage the basic research alone.Thirdly,it is high time to rebuild the values of tertiary education and cross boundary cooperation among universities and private sectors.