“国家—民族”理论视域下中华民族共同体建设的成功实践——对新中国成立初期民族资产阶级的社会主义改造

Successful Practices of Building the Chinese National Community from the Perspective of the “State-Nation” Theory:Socialist Transformation of the National Bourgeoisie in the Early Days of the Founding of New China

“国家—民族”理论是中国学者在中国历史、中国国情、中国道路、中国理论和中国文化的基础上凝练总结出来的。基于“国家—民族”理论视域探讨铸牢中华民族共同体意识,以民族资产阶级作为典型案例,从国体与政体、执政党、社会道路、民族与公民身份、共同文化五个维度阐释“五个认同”,有助于理解当前中国道路的理论逻辑与历史逻辑。国家通过“伞式”社会结构自上而下地发挥主导力量,进行顶层设计、制度安排和资源配置,有效地将各民族和诸多阶级进行整合。民族资产阶级一方面认同和拥戴“国家—民族”体制,理解与支持国家自上而下的制度安排;另一方面自下而上地参与到国家建设之中,体现了“国家—民族”自上而下主导体制与“五个认同”自下而上机制的双向互动。这有利于丰富铸牢中华民族共同体意识思想,并为世界其他国家的现代构建贡献中国智慧,提供中国方案。

The theory of“State-Nation”a theory condensed and summarized by Chinese scholars on the basis of Chinese history,Chinese national conditions,Chinese road,Chinese theory,and Chinese culture.Based on the perspective of this“State-Nation” theory,and taking the national bourgeoisie at the early stage of the founding of New China as a typical case,this paper discusses how to forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.It explains the “five identities” from five dimensions:State and the government,the ruling party,the social road,the nation and its citizenship,and common culture.This study firmly believes that this will help us understand the theoretical and historical logic of the current path of Chinese modernization.After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,the State revolutionized traditional China through a series of political practices and democratization reforms,and established a modern administrative system and operating mechanism,leading people of all ethnic groups to build a socialist country.Based on ensuring the unity of national interest and the interests of the people,the state — through the “umbrella” social structure—effectively integrated various ethnic groups and classes into the new China.Among them,the national bourgeoisie played a vital role in the “big family of the Chinese nation,”with significant revolutionary characteristics and national attributes.From this it can be inferred that the integration of the national bourgeoisie into the new China can be seen as a typical example of the successful practice of forging a strong sense of community in the Chinese nation in the early years of the founding of the new China:On the one hand,under the “StateNation” system,the national bourgeoisie embraced the new state and the new government,identified with the “State-Nation” system,and understood and supported the top-down institutional arrangements of the state.On the other hand,the national bourgeoisie actively participated in the socialist construction of the country from the bottom up.In this process,the national bourgeoisie has strengthened its centripetal force and sense of identity with the new China,has identified with and supported the CPC,and has taken the initiative to embark on the road of socialism.From the above it seems obvious that this “two-way running” between the State and the national bourgeoisie reflects the interaction between the top-down dominant system of “State-Nation” and the bottom-up self-mechanism of the “five identities”.In sum,an elaboration of the theory of “State-Nation” can not only help to let go of the discourse system of the Western theory of “NationState”,but also enrich the thinking on forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.Meanwhile,it may also be conducive to the construction of China's own system of thought on the Chinese national community,and help share Chinese wisdom and Chinese programs with the modern construction of other countries in the world.