核桃振动采收研究现状与发展趋势

Research status and development trend of walnut vibration harvesting

核桃作为一种高附加值的经济作物,具有广泛的市场需求和良好的经济效益。随着我国核桃种植面积的不断扩大和农业机械化的发展,核桃采收存在的采收率低下、采净率不高的问题日渐凸显,研制适合我国不同种植模式需求的核桃高效采收装备对于促进核桃生产规模化、推进农业科技创新具有重要意义。针对国内外核桃采收技术与装备的发展,综述了对于立地条件复杂的山核桃、小行距矮化密植种植模式下的核桃以及标准果园种植模式下的核桃适用的机械采收设备的研究现状,从树枝振动、树干振动和树冠振动3个角度对其振动机理进行了分析论证,并就国内外振动采收的激振夹持方式与激振参数进行了分析。分析了当前振动采收技术在实际应用过程中存在的主要问题,并指出了结构复杂、工作参数难确定、智能化程度不高是制约我国核桃采收机械发展的因素。提出了未来核桃振动采收智能化、多样化的发展趋势,通过在激振机理、能量传递、精准定位、柔性作业等方面开展深入研究,可为振动采收技术与装备的发展提供一种新思路。

As a kind of high added value crop,walnut has wide market demand and good economic benefits.With the continuous expansion of China's walnut planting area and the development of agricultural mechanization,the problems of low recovery rate and low net rate of walnut harvesting have become increasingly prominent.It is of great significance to develop walnut efficient harvesting equipment suitable for different planting modes in China to promote walnut production scale and promote agricultural scientific and technological innovation.In view of the development of walnut harvesting technology and equipment in the world,the research status of mechanical harvesting equipment for walnut with complex site conditions,pecans with small row spacing dwarfing and dense planting mode,and pecans with standard orchard planting mode were reviewed.The vibration mechanism of pecans was analyzed and demonstrated from three perspectives,i.e.,branch vibration,trunk vibration,and crown vibration.The clamping mode and parameters of vibration harvesting in the world were analyzed.At present,there are several main problems in the practical application of walnut machinery in China and the research of vibration mechanism is limited,which leads to problems in design and uses.Due to soil conditions,geographical location and other factors,walnuts in different regions have different growth characteristics and quality characteristics,so the existing mechanical picking equipment cannot adapt to the needs of different regions.Due to the high planting density,a large number of fruits are distributed on the branches.If the fruits are picked,a large number of fruit branches would be broken off and fruit branches would fall.Therefore,the current mechanical picking equipment cannot be used for the large-scale harvesting work.Most of the existing mechanical harvesting equipment has a single mechanism,which can only harvest the same fruit in a single way,so it cannot achieve continuously harvesting.The main problems existing in the practical application of vibration harvesting technology were analyzed.It was pointed out that the complex structure,difficult to determine the working parameters and low degree of intelligence were the factors restricting the development of walnut harvesting machinery in China.According to the characteristics of China's walnut planting mode,this paper summarizes the in-depth research on vibration harvesting mechanism,energy transfer,precise positioning,flexible operation,etc.The future trend of intelligent and diversified development of walnut harvesting machinery can provide a new idea for the development of vibration harvesting technology and equipment.