远视性弱视儿童视盘周围血管密度变化与黄斑厚度的相关性

Correlation between vascular density around optic disc and macular thickness in children with hyperopic amblyopia

目的探讨远视性弱视儿童视盘周围血管密度变化与黄斑厚度的相关性。方法回顾性病例对照研究。选择2019年6月至2022年6月我院收治的远视性弱视患儿89例作为弱视组,同期选取我院视力正常的非弱视儿童45例作为对照组,收集儿童的一般资料、视盘周围血管密度、黄斑厚度,比较两组资料的统计学差异,Spearman相关性分析视盘周围血管密度变化、黄斑厚度及临床资料的关系。结果相比于对照组,弱视组患儿眼轴长度、视盘面积较小,屈光度较高(P<0.05)。各区域黄斑厚度比较显示,弱视组黄斑中央凹、内环上方、内环鼻侧、内环下方、外环鼻侧的厚度大于对照组(P<0.05)。黄斑中央凹厚度与屈光度存在正相关性,与眼轴长度、视盘面积存在负相关性;内环鼻侧黄斑厚度与眼轴长度存在负相关性。各区域视盘周围血管密度比较显示,弱视组视盘上方血管密度、视盘鼻侧血管密度小于对照组(P<0.05)。视盘上方血管密度与眼轴长度、视盘面积存在正相关性,与屈光度存在负相关性;视盘鼻侧血管密度与眼轴长度、视盘面积存在正相关性,与屈光度存在负相关性。视盘周围血管密度变化与黄斑厚度的Spearman相关性分析结果显示,视盘上方血管密度与黄斑中央凹厚度、外环上方黄斑厚度存在负相关性;视盘鼻侧血管密度与黄斑中央凹厚度、外环鼻侧黄斑厚度存在负相关性(P<0.05)。结论弱视患儿黄斑中央凹、内环上方、内环鼻侧、内环下方、外环鼻侧较厚,而视盘上方血管密度、视盘鼻侧血管密度较小。黄斑厚度及视盘周围血管密度与眼轴长度、视盘面积、屈光度存在一定相关性,视盘上方血管密度与黄斑中央凹厚度、外环上方黄斑厚度呈负相关,视盘鼻侧血管密度与黄斑中央凹厚度、外环鼻侧黄斑厚度呈负相关。

Objective To investigate the correlation between the changes of perioptic disc vascular density and macular thickness in children with hyperopic amblyopia.Methods Retrospective case⁃control study.89 childrens with hy⁃peropic amblyopia treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2022 were selected as amblyopia group.In the same peri⁃od,45 non⁃amblyopic childrens with normal vision in our hospital were selected as the control group.The general data of children,blood vessel density around optic disc and macular thickness were collected.The statistical differences between the two groups were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the changes of perioptic disc vascular density,macular thickness and clinical data.Results Compared with the control group,the length of ocular axis and the area of optic disc were smaller and the diopter was higher in amblyopia group(P<0.05).The com⁃parison of macular thickness in each region showed that the thickness of macular fovea,above the inner ring,the nasal side of the inner ring,the lower part of the inner ring and the outer ring in the amblyopia group was larger than that in the con⁃trol group(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between macular central fovea thickness and diopter,but a negative correlation between macular fovea thickness and ocular axis length and optic disc area.There was a negative correlation be⁃tween the macular thickness of the inner ring and the length of the ocular axis.The blood vessel density around the optic disc in each region showed that the blood vessel density above the optic disc and the nasal side of the optic disc in the am⁃blyopia group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The blood vessel density above the optic disc was pos⁃itively correlated with the length of ocular axis and the area of optic disc,but negatively correlated with diopter.The blood vessel density of the nasal side of the optic disc was positively correlated with the length of the optic axis and the area of the optic disc,but negatively correlated with the diopter.The Spearman correlation analysis showed that the vascular density a⁃bove the optic disc was negatively correlated with the macular fovea thickness and the macular thickness above the outer ring.The vascular density of the nasal side of the optic disc was negatively correlated with the thickness of the macular fovea and the thickness of the macular on the nasal side of the outer ring(P<0.05).Conclusions The macular fovea,the upper part of the inner ring,the nasal side of the inner ring,the lower part of the inner ring and the nasal side of the outer ring were thicker in children with amblyopi⁃a.However,the blood vessel density above the optic disc and the nasal side of the optic disc were lower.Macular thickness and vascular density around the optic disc were correlated with axial length,optic disc area and diopter.The vascular densi⁃ty above the optic disc was negatively correlated with the macular fovea thickness and the macular thickness above the outer ring.The vascular density of the nasal side of the optic disc was negatively correlated with the thickness of the macular fovea and the thickness of the macular on the nasal side of the outer ring.