设立村务监督委员会能否改善村庄治理绩效——基于“千村调查”数据的实证分析

Does Village Affairs Supervision Committee Improve Rural Governance Performance:An Empirical Analysis Based on "Thousand Villages Survey" Data

推动监督下沉、打通监督“最后一公里”已成为基层治理研究领域的重要课题。基于2019年具有代表性的全国抽样调查数据,本文探讨了中国乡村地区一种自下而上的民众监督模式——村务监督委员会的治理绩效。实证分析发现:设立村务监督委员会显著改善了村庄治理绩效,表现为村民对村干部的满意度和对规章的遵从度的提升。采用工具变量等方法克服内生性问题后,回归结果依旧稳健。规范村庄财务管理、提升村民村务参与度是通过设立村务监督委员会提升村庄治理绩效的关键渠道。进一步研究发现,村务监督委员会设立带来的村庄治理绩效具有持续性。平均而言,村务监督委员会设立年数每增加1年,村民对村干部的满意度会提升0.3个百分点,对规章的遵从度会上升0.6个百分点。本文为自下而上监督模式的有效性提供了来自村一级的经验证据,对推进基层治理现代化具有一定的参考价值。

How to promote supervision sinking and get through the "last mile" of supervision has become an important topic in the field of grassroots governance research Based on data from a representative national sample survey in 2019,this paper explores the governance effects of Village Affairs Supervision Committee System(VASCS),a "bottom-up" model of democratic supervision in Chinese rural areas.The empirical results show that the establishment of VASCS significantly improves the performance of rural governance,which is mainly reflected in the improved levels of villagers' satisfaction with village cadres and their compliance with regulations.After using many methods such as instrumental variables to address the endogenous problem,the results are still robust.Restricting the financial management of village and expanding public participation are key channels for VASCS to improve governance performance.This paper also finds that the improvement effect of the performance of rural governance brought by the establishment of VASCS is sustainable.On average,every additional year since the establishment of the VASCS increases the level of satisfaction with village cadres by 0.3 percentage points and the level of the compliance with regulations by 0.6 percentage points.This study provides empirical evidence at the village level for the effectiveness of the bottom-up supervision model,which has policv implications for promoting the modernization of grassroots governance.