思想、实践、制度:中国统一多民族国家形成、发展的话语体系构建——读《清代国家统一史》

Ideology,Practice,and System:Constructing a Discourse System for the Formation and Development of China's Unified Multiethnic Nation:After Reading History of National Unification in Qing Dynasty

历史上中国统一多民族国家的形成、发展脉络与谱系,是学术界及社会各界不断反复思考和探讨的重大命题。但由于这一问题的重大性,以及历史发展脉络的多元性、政治实践的多变性、思维认知的复杂性等交互影响,学术界对这一命题的阐释仍在不断探索之中。《清代国家统一史》以国家统一史为研究视角,在此方面做出了有益探索。哲学维度上,以“大一统”思想为统领;实践维度上,将清代分为实现、维护和巩固统一三个阶段,对清代国家统一历程进行了较全面的论述,重点阐述了清代经略边疆的复杂进程和国家治理的经验教训;制度维度上,解析了清朝国家统一的制度特点、功能及其主要架构。这一研究成果,虽然也存在薄弱环节,但其尝试构建“符合中国历史发展实际的清代国家统一史话语体系”,这是从“中国传统和本土出发构建清代史研究”的“三大体系”的重要努力,有利于推进边疆研究及清史研究的“三大体系”建设,也是取得实际成效的表现。

The formation,development and genealogy of China's united multiethnic state in history are major propositions that have been repeatedly pondered and explored by academics.However,due to the significance of this issue,as well as the interactive effects of the pluralism of historical development,the fluidity of political practice,and the complexity of ideology and cognition,the interpretation of this proposition by academics is still under constant exploration.History of National Unification in Qing Dynasty has made a useful exploration in this aspect by taking the history of national unification as the study perspective.In the philosophical dimension,the idea of Great Unification is taken as the unifying principle.From the practical dimension,the Qing Dynasty is divided into three stages--realization,maintenance and consolidation of unification,and the process of national unification in the Qing Dynasty is comprehensively discussed,focusing on the complicated process of border management and the experience of national governance in the Qing Dynasty.From the institutional dimension,it analyzes the institutional characteristics,functions and main structure of national unification in the Qing Dynasty.Although there are weaknesses in this study,it attempts to construct“a discourse system of national unified history of the Qing Dynasty in line with the actual development of Chinese history”,which is an important endeavor of building the“Three Major Systems”for the study of the Qing Dynasty history from the“Chinese tradition and the local perspective,”It is conducive to promoting the construction of“Three Major Systems”,including the frontier study and the Qing Dynasty history study,and it is also the performance of practical results.