论格日勒其木格·黑鹤小说的生态书写

On the Ecological Writing of Gerileqimuge Heihe’s Novels

蒙古族作家格日勒其木格·黑鹤的生态文学书写主要从“自然生态”“精神生态”与“生态理想”三个向度展开。首先,自渔猎社会、农业社会到工业社会、信息社会,游牧民族敬畏自然、顺应自然的生态理念逐渐被改造自然、征服自然的观念冲击,致使森林、草原生态状况急剧恶化,集中表现为森林萎缩、草原退化、滥捕滥猎、物种衰减等。其次,随着现代社会中自然、神性等逐渐被祛魅,人类精神世界、心灵世界均遭遇生态学意义上的“污染”,在黑鹤笔下主要表现为对动物生命的冷漠放逐、对消费主义以及拜金主义的狂热追逐等。最后,黑鹤认为人类应秉持生态整体观念,同时与自然世界保持一定距离,通过“惩罚”和“教训”而非一味用“爱”或“信仰”来拯救失范的世界。

The ecological literature writing of Mongolian writer Gerileqimuge Heihe mainly develops from three dimensions of“natural ecology”,“spiritual ecology”and“ecological ideal”.First of all,from fishing and hunting society,agricultural society to industrial society and information society,nomadic people’s ecological concept of revering and conforming to nature has been gradually impacted by the concept of transforming and conquering nature,resulting in the sharp deterioration of forest and grassland ecological conditions,which are mainly manifested in forest shrinkage,grassland degradation,overhunting and species decay.Secondly,with the gradual disenchantment of nature and divinity in modern society,human spiritual world and spiritual world are suffering from“pollution”in the sense of ecology,which is mainly manifested in the cold exile of animal life,the fanatical pursuit of consumerism and money worship in Heihe’s works.Finally,Heihe believes that human beings should uphold the concept of ecological holism,while keeping a certain distance from the natural world,through punishment and lessons rather than blindly using“love”or“belief”to save the anomie world.