中小学综合课程的融通式构建与实践进路

The Integrated Construction and Practical Approach of Integrated Curriculum in Primary and Secondary Schools

新课标的实施为中小学综合课程的建设和创新带来了新契机,但其仍面临本质内涵不清和育人指向不明的现状,导致浅层式整合、形式化整合等问题突出,不利于学生综合能力与素养的培育。综合课程在本质内涵上,体现出课程内外部要素相融合的综合性特征,同时兼具在课程活动上注重实践性以及在核心素养培育上强调生成性的特点。为实现培养“三有”新人的育人目标,中小学综合课程应当遵循融通式构建的基本逻辑,即通过创设情境化问题实现学科知识体系的融通,通过建立知识世界和生活世界的联系实现“家—校—社—自然”的融通,通过鼓励家长、社区工作者参与课程活动实现多主体间的融通和协同育人。在中小学综合课程的具体实践中,应当体现“开放—聚合—联动”的课程实施原则,构建起“以生为本、多元融合”的课程评价生态,建立“上下联动、内外协同”的课程督导体系。

The implementation of the new curriculum standard has brought new opportunities for the construction and innovation of integrated curriculum in primary and secondary schools.However,it is still facing the status quo of unclear essential connotation and unclear nurturing direction,leading to such problems as shallow and formal integration,which is not conducive to the cultivation of students’comprehensive competence and literacy.In terms of its essential connotation,the integrated curriculum reflects the comprehensive characteristics of integrating internal and external elements of the curriculum,and at the same time emphasizes the practicality in curriculum activities and the generativity in the cultivation of core literacy.In order to realize the nurturing direction of cultivating the“Three Qualities”of students,integrated curricula in primary and secondary schools should follow the basic logic of integrative construction,i.e.,to realize the integration of subject knowledge system by creating contextualized questions,and to realize the integration of“home-school-society-nature”by establishing the connection between the world of knowledge and the world of life,as well as the integration and collaborative nurturing of multiple subjects by encouraging parents and community workers to participate in curriculum activities.In the specific practice of integrated curriculum in primary and secondary schools,the principle of“openness-aggregation-linkage”should be embodied,the ecology of“student-oriented,diversified integration”curriculum evaluation should be constructed,and the“up and down linkage,internal and external synergy”curriculum supervision system should be established.