当代中国的司法参谋制

The Judicial Staff System in Contemporary China

司法参谋制是指在当代中国法院中实际运行的,围绕个案的裁判,法定的审判会议中的其他成员为该会议的主导者提供甄别和认定事实、选择和适用法律的参考意见的制度。作为一种司法惯例,司法参谋制能为案件审理者提供智力支持,但也会导致司法独断,不利于法官独立裁判能力的养成。为确保审判权依法独立行使,司法责任制改革过程中不断推动审判制度完善,但仍与追求的司法独立、公正、民主的目标有一定差距。推动司法责任制改革,落实“让审理者裁判,由裁判者负责”,从外部环境上需要完善司法审判体制机制、完善审判委员会工作机制、着力解决合议庭“形合实独”问题、完善司法责任制改革的配套机制;从内部管理上需要改革司法机关内部的行政化管理机制、加快法官职业化进程、推进专业法官会议改革,以提高司法审判的民主性和专业性,有效推进审判权运行机制改革。

The judicial staff system,actually running in contemporary Chinese courts,refers to the system of around the adjudication of individual cases,other members of the statutory trial meeting as dominant power to provide reference advice for the identification and determination of facts,selection and application of law.As a kind of judicial practice,the judicial staff system can provide intellectual support for the trial,but it will also lead to judicial dogmatism,which is not conducive to the development of judges'independent judgment ability.In order to ensure the independent exercise of judicial power according to law,the judicial responsibility system reform has constantly promoted the improvement of the judicial system,but there is still a certain gap with the goal of judicial independence,fairness and democracy.In order to promote the reform of the judicial responsibility system and implement the"let the adjudicator decide,the judge is responsible",from the external environment,we need to improve the judicial system and mechanism,improve the working mechanism of the judicial committee,focus on solving the problem of"formally merged,but effectively separate"of the collegiate panel,and improve the supporting mechanism of the judicial responsibility system reform;In terms of internal management,it is necessary to reform the administrative management mechanism within the judicial organs,speed up the professionalization process of judges,and promote the reform of professional judges'meetings,so as to improve the democratic and professional nature of judicial trials and effectively promote the reform of the judicial power operation mechanism.