类推机制下集体量词向个体量词转化的路径和动因探究

Research on the Path and Motivation of the Transformation from Collective Quantifier to Individual Quantifier under Analogy Mechanism

在汉语词汇发展的历史中,存在着数量众多的集体量词和个体量词的兼类量词。从历时层面考察集体量词“把”“束”“副”“联”的语义基础和词义发展路径,发现在语言系统内部类推机制的作用下,部分集体量词向个体量词转化,是受到原型与范畴、隐喻与转喻、语义泛化与语义俯瞰等动因的促动。

In the history of Chinese vocabulary development,there exist a large number of multi-category word of collective quantifiers and individual quantifiers.Through a diachronic study of the semantic basis and the development path of the meanings of collective quantifiers"ba","shu","fu"and"lian",it is found that under the action of the internal analogy mechanism in the language system,some collective quantifiers are transformed into individual quantifiers,which are driven by prototype and category,metaphor and metonymy,semantic generalization and meaning constraint.