论医师避险权的立法证成与完善

Legislation,Evidence,and Improvement of the Right of Physicians to Avoid Risks

北京、上海、青岛等地方立法对医师遭遇威胁和侵害时避险的条件、方式、支持等进行了规定,引发了社会对医师避险权的讨论。从自然权利生成的自然路径、法律实证证成的法律路径和社会现实需要的社会路径进行审视,医师避险权具备权利生成的正当性、合法性及合理性,应成为新兴权利,具有适时性、回避性、系统性、限制性等权利特征。针对目前地方立法存在的问题,应当从进一步明确权利内容、构建风险识别体系、加强医疗机构支持力度、完善救济机制、明确权利行使限制等方面进行完善,推动医师避险权立法的科学化和具体化。

Local legislation in Beijing,Shanghai,Qingdao and other places have stipulated regulations regarding the conditions,ways and supports for physicians to avoid risks when facing threats and infringements,sparking discussions in society about the right of physicians to avoid risks.From the natural path of the generation of natural rights,the legal path proved by legal evidence,and the social path required by social needs,the right of physicians to avoid risks has legitimacy,legality and rationality in its generation.This right should be considered as an emerging right with characteristics such as timeliness,evasiveness,systematicity,and restrictiveness.In view of the existing problems in local legislation,improvements should focus on clarifying the content of rights,establishing a risk identification system,strengthening the support from medical institutions,refining the relief mechanism,and specifying restrictions on the exercise of rights and other aspects to improve the scientific and specific legislation on the right of physicians to avoid risks.