为自由优生学一辩

A Defense of Liberal Eugenics

优生学素来存在歧视残疾群体的质疑。当代自由优生学试图摆脱这一历史包袱,但在支持治疗还是增强的界限问题上模糊不清。反对者通常以生物学特征作为生育决策的标准,即便以健康之名作为社会规范的决定性理由,依然会带来针对缺陷群体的大规模排斥。自由优生学更具包容性,支持非生物规范层面的基因表达自由,力求捍卫母体生育自由权免遭外在强制;按照罗尔斯式差异原则,基因增强只在富人贴现穷人基因治疗时才开放基因选择的自由,如此自由优生学或能扫除自身历史罪名。

Eugenics has always been questioned for its discrimination against disabled groups.Contemporary liberal eugenics attempts to break free from this historical burden,but remains unclear on the boundary between supporting treatment or enhancement.Opponents often use biological characteristics as criteria for reproductive decisions,even if it is justified in the name of health as a decisive reason for societal norms,it still leads to widespread exclusion of defective populations.Liberal eugenics is more inclusive and supports freedom of genetic expression beyond biological norms,aiming to defend maternal reproductive freedom from external coercion.Following the Rawlsian principles of difference,genetic enhancement is only permissible when it allows the freedom of gene selection for the wealthy to subsidize genetic treatments for the less affluent.By doing so,liberal eugenics may be able to eradicate its own historical stigma.