未成年人医疗同意权的法律困境与纾解

Legal Dilemma and Alleviation Measures Regarding the Consent Rights of Minors in Medical Care

在我国未成年人医疗同意权行使存在一些法律困境:未成年患者的同意能力不明确,监护人医疗代理与未成年人最大利益失衡,监护人意见分歧的判断标准不明,医方履行告知义务不到位。结合国外未成年人同意能力认定标准、医院主动急救、司法审查特殊程序等法律救济措施,针对我国未成年人医疗同意权行使的法律困境,提出增补法条以保护未成年人医疗权利及尊重未成年患者的合理意愿、扩大医院医学伦理委员会的职能、建立司法审查特殊程序、规范医方主体履行医疗告知义务机制等建议,以保护未成年患者的最佳利益。

There are some legal dilemmas in the exercise of the right of consent for minors in medical care in China:the unclear capacity of minors to give consent,imbalance between guardians'medical representation and the best interests of minors,ambiguous criteria for resolving disagreements among guardians,and inadequate fulfillment of the duty to inform by medical practitioners.Combining international standards for determining the consent capacity of minors,hospital-initiated emergency medical care,special legal remedies such as judicial review,this paper addresses the legal dilemmas in the exercise of consent rights for minors in medical care in China.It proposes amendments to legal provisions to safeguard the medical rights of minors,respect the reasonable wishes of minor patients,expand the functions of the hospital medical ethics committee,establish special procedures for judicial review,and standardize the mechanism for medical practitioners to fulfill their duty to inform,so as to protect the best interests of minor patients.