植物磷营养与非生物胁迫的互作机理及其在农业上的潜在应用

Interaction between plant phosphorus nutrition and abiotic stress responses and its potential application in agricultural production

环境胁迫、土壤磷素有效性及植物磷营养平衡之间具有互作效应。植物健康的生长发育和对环境胁迫的抗性离不开磷营养的稳态平衡供应。干旱、盐、低温、高温、重金属等非生物胁迫不仅影响土壤中磷素的有效性,而且影响植物对磷的吸收、转运与利用。增加磷素的供应在一定程度上可以缓解非生物胁迫对植物的伤害,提高植物对非生物胁迫的抗性。非生物胁迫可在一定程度上调节磷响应基因的表达。通过遗传途径改变磷信号调控因子或磷酸盐转运蛋白等的表达可提高植物对非生物胁迫的抗性。本文综述了植物磷营养与干旱、盐、低温、高温和重金属等非生物胁迫之间的相互影响与作用机制。今后亟待从以下几方面加深研究:植物磷营养与非生物胁迫之间错综复杂的互作关系中涉及到哪些信号分子和通路;不同非生物胁迫与磷营养互作在植物体内存在的生物学意义是什么,如果从更广义的生态学和进化生物学角度来看,其又具有哪些意义;如何通过转基因、基因编辑等技术手段利用或调整非生物胁迫与磷营养之间的相互作用,从而同时提高作物对非生物胁迫的抗性和磷素利用效率;土壤微生物在磷营养与非生物胁迫互作中又具有什么样的作用。这些问题的回答将有助于我们了解磷营养信号与非生物胁迫反应之间互作的分子机制,并有助于它们在农业生产上的应用。

Phosphorus homeostasis is indispensable for the health growth and development of plants and their resistance to environmental stresses.Abiotic stresses,such as drought,salt,low temperature,high temperature and heavy metals,influence the availability of phosphorus in soil,impact the absorption,transport and utilization of phosphate in plants.Increasing the supply of phosphate can reduce the inhibitory effect of abiotic stresses on plant growth under certain conditions and improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stresses.Abiotic stress influences the expression of phosphate responsive genes or proteins at molecular level.Genetic modulation of the expression of genes,such as regulators in the phosphate signaling or phosphate transporters can improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stresses.In this paper,we summarized the effects and the underlying mechanism of drought,salt,temperature and heavy metal stresses on phosphorus homeostasis,as well as the role and the underlying mechanisms of phosphorus homeostasis in raising the abiotic stress resistance of plants.There are still many questions need to be answered in the future.For example,which signal molecules and pathways are involved in the complex interaction between phosphorus nutrition and abiotic stresses in plants;what is the biological significance of the interaction between abiotic stress and phosphorus nutrition in plants,or the meaning of the interaction from ecological and evolutionary aspects;how to utilize or adjust the interaction between abiotic stress and phosphorus nutrition by means of transgenic and gene editing,so as to improve crop resistance to abiotic stress and phosphorus utilization efficiency simultaneously;what is the role of soil microorganisms in the interaction between phosphorus nutrition and abiotic stress.The answers to these questions will help us to understand the molecular mechanism of the interaction between phosphorus signaling and abiotic stress responses,and contribute to their application in agricultural production.