高性能镁合金轧制成形研究进展

Research Progress on Rolling Forming of High Performance Magnesium Alloys

随着社会的快速发展,轻量化产品的需求不断增加,镁合金作为最轻的结构材料在汽车、航空航天领域受到广泛关注。在众多的镁合金制品中,镁合金板材为其主要的应用之一。但是镁合金的密排六方结构导致镁合金板材在轧制过程中的成形性较差,也影响着轧后板材的性能,这些影响主要体现在:(1)轧制过程中板材由于应力集中容易产生边裂;(2)轧后板材的强度塑性仍较差,具有较强的各向异性,大大限制了镁合金的实际应用。世界范围内生产镁合金板材的厂家通常采用在线加热轧制、高速轧制、限宽轧制、立辊预轧、电塑性轧制、累积叠轧、衬板轧制、等径角轧制、异步轧制、交叉轧制等制备镁合金板材,同时提高了镁合金板材的各项性能。本综述主要集中在对镁合金板材的边裂、晶粒的细化和织构的演变方面的研究。此外,还对上述轧制方法对镁合金板材的微观组织、织构强度和综合性能的影响进行了综述和分析。最后,总结了各种轧制方法的优缺点,并对镁合金板材的发展前景进行了展望。

With the rapid development of society,the demand for lightweight products has increased.As the lightest structural materials,magnesium alloys have received widespread attention in the fields of automobiles and aerospace.Of the many magnesium alloy products,magnesium alloy plates represent some of the most important applications.However,magnesium alloys have a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure that results in the poor formability of magnesium alloy plates during the rolling process and affects the properties of the rolled sheets.These effects mainly are reflected in the following.(i)During the rolling process,the plate material is prone to cracks due to the concentration of stress.(ii)The strength and plasticity of the rolled sheets remain poor and have strong anisotropy,which considerably limits the practical application of magne-sium alloys.Manufacturers worldwide typically produce magnesium alloy sheets using the following methods:online heating rolling,high-speed rolling,width-limited rolling,vertical roll pre-rolling,electric plastic rolling,accumulative roll bonding,hard-plate rolling,equal-channel angular rol-ling,different speed rolling,and cross rolling.Simultaneously,the various properties of magnesium alloy sheets have been improved.As starting points in additional research on magnesium alloys,this review study primarily focuses on magnesium alloy plates in terms of edge cracks,refining grains,and texture evolution.In addition,the effects of the aforementioned rolling methods on the microstructure,texture intensity,and comprehensive performance of magnesium alloy sheets are reviewed and analyzed.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the different rolling methods are summarized,and future prospects for the development of magnesium alloy sheets are presented.