冬奥会复杂山地建筑能耗及碳排放研究

Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission of Complex Mountain Buildings in Olympic Winter Games

冬奥会延庆赛区山顶出发区、竞速结束区及冬奥村建筑均为永久建筑,在冬奥会结束后仍将保留利用。考虑到该类山地建筑所处极端寒冷气候,为保障建筑功能,需要明确未来能源需求及碳排放量,以便确定能源利用方案。以3类永久建筑为例,基于2019—2021年延庆区实际气象数据,利用能耗模拟软件,分析了其全年能耗水平及碳排放量。结果显示,2019—2021年冬奥村全年总能耗为1.3×10^(6)~1.4×10^(6)k W·h,集散广场全年总能耗为4.2×10^(5)~4.8×10^(5)k W·h,而山顶雪飞燕全年总能耗为2.8×10^(5)~2.9×10^(5)k W·h。冬奥村总能耗显著高于其他两类建筑,且整体能耗较大。2019—2021年冬奥村年度总碳排放量为7.9×10^(5)~8.5×10^(5)kg CO_(2),集散广场年度总碳排放量为2.5×10^(5)~2.9×10^(5)kg CO_(2),而雪飞燕年度总碳排放量为1.7×10^(5)~1.8×10^(5)kg CO_(2)。基于上述结果,建议冬奥村优先使用太阳能光伏、地源热泵等低碳清洁能源供能,降低整体碳排放水平。

The buildings at the starting area and finishing area of the Yanqing competition area and the Winter Olympics Village are permanent buildings that will continue to be used after the Olympic Winter Games.Considering the extreme cold climate in which these mountainous buildings are located,it is necessary to clarify their future energy demand and carbon emissions in order to determine energy utilization schemes to ensure the functionality of the buildings.This study took three types of typical permanent buildings as examples,and used energy consumption simulation software based on actual meteorological data from Yanqing district between 2019 and 2021 to analyze their annual energy consumption levels and carbon emissions.The results show that the total annual energy consumption of the Winter Olympic Village was 1.3×10^(6)-1.4×10^(6) kW·h,the total annual energy consumption of the Gathering Square was 4.2×10^(5)-4.8×10^(5) kW·h,and the total annual energy consumption of the Snow Swallow on the mountaintop was 2.8×10^(5)-2.9×10^(5) kW·h in 2019—2021.The total energy consumption of the Winter Olympic Village was significantly higher than that of the other two types of buildings,and the overall energy consumption was very large.The annual carbon emissions of the Winter Olympic Village from 2019 to 2021 were 7.9×10^(5)-8.5×10^(5) kg CO_(2),the annual total carbon emissions of the Gathering Square were 2.5×10^(5)-2.9×10^(5) kg CO_(2),and the annual total carbon emissions of the Snow Swallow were 1.7×10^(5)-1.8×10^(5) kg CO_(2).Based on the above results of total building energy consumption and total carbon emissions,it is recommended that the Winter Olympic Village preferentially use low-carbon clean energy such as solar photovoltaic and geothermal heat pumps for energy supply to reduce the overall carbon emission level.