可识别性框架下的汉语话题指称特征考察

A Study on the Referential Features of Chinese Topics under the Framework of Identifiability

从指称的可识别性框架出发,对汉语话题具有有定、无定、非定等指称特征事实进行统一考察。研究发现:1.汉语句法话题的必要指称特征表现为可识别性框架中的定指活跃状态。2.学界所讨论的无定、无指、非指称等非有定话题并非句法话题,而是语篇中经过文本回指、对比关联、定指回指等激活过程而形成的定指话题。3.非有定话题的允准不仅需要对话题所指进行修饰锚定,还需要对述题的谓语类型进行阶段性的锚定。就认知语用而言,话题的指称特征包括两个方面的内容:话题所指的指称特征层次变化、话题所指的语用可及性差异,本质上是话题所指与述题信息之间的动态可识别性关系。

Based on the framework of identifiability,This paper makes a unified investigation of the fact that Chinese topics can be such diverse as definite,indefinite or non-definite etc.The study find:First,Chinese syntactic topics should be identifiable and active under the framework of identifiability.Second,non-indefinite topics including indefinite,nonspecific and non-referential ones,are identifiable topics that are formed in discourse through the activation processes of text anaphora,contrast and association,and identifiable anaphora.Third,the licensing of non-indefinite topics require not only the modification anchoring of the topic references,but also the stage-level anchoring of the predicates.From the perspective of cognitive pragmatics,the referential features of topics include two aspects:the dynamic changes of the referential features and the different degrees of pragmatic accessibility of the topic referent,which is essentially the dynamic identifiable relationship between the topic referent and the comment information.